Chapter 11, Problem 48A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Type of ions formed by metals and non-metals by loss or gain of electron is to be explained.

Concept introduction: Periodic table is an arrangement where elements are arranged on the basis of their increasing atomic number. It consists of 18 group and 7 periods. Most basic classification of atoms is into metal and non metal. Metal are electropositive and non metals are electronegative.

Answer to Problem 48A

Metals form electropositive ions by the process of oxidation that is loss of electron due to low ionization energy associated to them. Non metals form electronegative ions by the process of reduction that is gain of electron due to very high ionization energy associated to them.

Explanation of Solution

Metals form electropositive ions by the process of oxidation that is loss of electron due to low ionization energy associated to them. Ionization process of metal can be shown as follows:

  $\text{M}\to {\text{M}}^{\text{n+}}+{\text{ne}}^{-}$

Where,

  $\text{M}$ is metal.

  ${\text{M}}^{\text{n+}}$ is metal ion

  $\text{n}$ is oxidation state of metal ion or number of electron lost.

Non metals form electronegative ions by the process of reduction that is gain of electron due to very high ionization energy associated to them. Ionization process of non-metal can be shown as follows:

  ${\text{M}}^{\text{n+}}+{\text{ne}}^{-}\to \text{M}$

Where,

  $\text{M}$ is non-metal.

  ${\text{M}}^{\text{n+}}$ is non- metallic ion

  $\text{n}$ is oxidation state of non-metallic ion or number of electron gain.

Conclusion

Metals form electropositive ions by the process of oxidation that is loss of electron due to low ionization energy associated to them. Non metals form electronegative ions by the process of reduction that is gain of electron due to very high ionization energy associated to them.