a.
To find the distributions of survival status for males and for females within each class of travel. To determine and explain whether women survive the disaster at higher rates than men.
a.
Answer to Problem 38E
The results of the survival status for males and for females within each class of travel is as shown in the table below:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | 97.22% | 32.57% | 86.02% | 8.33% | 46.06% | 16.23% |
Dead | 2.78% | 67.43% | 13.98% | 91.67% | 53.94% | 83.77% |
Yes, the above table indicates that women survive the disaster at higher rates than men in each class of travel.
Explanation of Solution
The below table summarizes data on survival status by gender and class of travel on the Titanic:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | 140 | 57 | 80 | 14 | 76 | 75 |
Dead | 4 | 118 | 13 | 154 | 89 | 387 |
Let us first determine the column total of each column, which is the sum of all counts in the corresponding column as shown in table below:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | 140 | 57 | 80 | 14 | 76 | 75 |
Dead | 4 | 118 | 13 | 154 | 89 | 387 |
Column Total | 140+4=144 | 57+118=175 | 80+13=93 | 14+154=168 | 76+89=165 | 75+387=462 |
To determine the distribution of survival status for each gender within each class of travel, we divide the counts by the column total as shown below:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | ||||||
Dead |
We note that for each class, the female survival rate is higher than the male survival rate (97.22% versus 32.57% for first class, 86.02% versus 8.33% for second class and 46.06% versus 16.23% for third class), which indicates that women survive the disaster at higher rates than men.
b.
To determine the relationship between the survival rate for both males and females in all three classes of travel and verify whether it holds the similar relation such as first-class passengers had the highest survival rate, while third-class passengers had the lowest survival rate.
b.
Answer to Problem 38E
The results of the survival status for males and for females within each class of travel is as shown in the table below:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | 97.22% | 32.57% | 86.02% | 8.33% | 46.06% | 16.23% |
Dead | 2.78% | 67.43% | 13.98% | 91.67% | 53.94% | 83.77% |
No, the above table indicates that the same relationship does not hold good for both males and females in all three classes of travel with respect to the survival rate in different classes.
Explanation of Solution
The below table summarizes data on survival status by gender and class of travel on the Titanic:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | 140 | 57 | 80 | 14 | 76 | 75 |
Dead | 4 | 118 | 13 | 154 | 89 | 387 |
Let us first determine the column total of each column, which is the sum of all counts in the corresponding column as shown in table below:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | 140 | 57 | 80 | 14 | 76 | 75 |
Dead | 4 | 118 | 13 | 154 | 89 | 387 |
Column Total | 140+4=144 | 57+118=175 | 80+13=93 | 14+154=168 | 76+89=165 | 75+387=462 |
To determine the distribution of survival status for each gender within each class of travel, we divide the counts by the column total as shown below:
Survival Status | First Class | Second Class | Third Class | |||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
Survived | ||||||
Dead |
We note that the female survival rate is highest for first class (97.22%) and lowest for third class (46.06%). However, for males, we note that the lowest survival rate is for second class (8.33%) instead of for third class (16.23%). Thus, the same relationship does not hold good for both males and females in all three classes of travel.
Chapter 1 Solutions
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