Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580350
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P , additional homework tip  1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P , additional homework tip  2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P , additional homework tip  3

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P , additional homework tip  4

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P , additional homework tip  5

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Chapter 1 Solutions

Organic Chemistry

Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1.11PCh. 1.3 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1.4 - Predict all bond angles for these molecules. (a)...Ch. 1.5 - The geometry of carbon in diamond is tetrahedral,...Ch. 1.5 - Because of their spherical shape, C60 molecules...Ch. 1.5 - What best describes the CCC bond angles in C60? 1....Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 1.14PCh. 1.7 - Describe the bonding in these molecules in terms...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1.8 - Prob. 1.17PCh. 1.8 - Prob. 1.18PCh. 1.9 - Draw three contributing structures of the...Ch. 1.9 - What is the hybridization state of the circled...Ch. 1.9 - The molecule shown on the right in the example in...Ch. 1.9 - Prob. CQCh. 1.9 - The following structure is called imidazolium....Ch. 1 - Write the ground-state electron configuration for...Ch. 1 - Identify the atom that has each ground-state...Ch. 1 - Define valence shell and valence electron.Ch. 1 - How many electrons are in the valence shell of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.24PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.25PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.26PCh. 1 - Write Lewis structures for these compounds. Show...Ch. 1 - Write Lewis structures for these ions. Show all...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.29PCh. 1 - Some of these structural formulas are incorrect...Ch. 1 - Following the rule that each atom of carbon,...Ch. 1 - Following are several Lewis structures showing all...Ch. 1 - Which statements are true about electronegativity?...Ch. 1 - Why does fluorine, the element in the upper right...Ch. 1 - Arrange the single covalent bonds within each set...Ch. 1 - Using the values of electronegativity given in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.37PCh. 1 - Use VSEPR to predict bond angles about each...Ch. 1 - Use VSEPR to predict bond angles about each atom...Ch. 1 - Use VSEPR to predict the geometry of these ions....Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.41PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.42PCh. 1 - What is the meaning of the term tertiary (3) when...Ch. 1 - What is the meaning of the term tertiary (3) when...Ch. 1 - Draw structural formulas for (a) The four primary...Ch. 1 - Draw structural formulas for the three tertiary...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.47PCh. 1 - Identify the functional groups in each compound.Ch. 1 - Draw a three-dimensional representation for each...Ch. 1 - Tetrafluoroethylene, C2F4, is the starting...Ch. 1 - Which statements are true about resonance...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.52PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.53PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.54PCh. 1 - Are the structures in each set valid contributing...Ch. 1 - State the orbital hybridization of each...Ch. 1 - Describe each highlighted bond in terms of the...Ch. 1 - Following is a structural formula of the...Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for methyl isocyanate,...Ch. 1 - What is the hybridization of the highlighted atoms...Ch. 1 - Using cartoon representations, draw a molecular...Ch. 1 - In what kind of orbitals do the lone-pair...Ch. 1 - Draw the delocalized molecular orbitals for the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.64APCh. 1 - Each compound contains both ions and covalent...Ch. 1 - Predict whether the carbon-metal bond in these...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.67APCh. 1 - Phosphorus is immediately under nitrogen in the...Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for the azide ion, N3. (The...Ch. 1 - Cyanic acid, HOCN, and isocyanic acid, HNCO,...Ch. 1 - In Chapter 6, we study a group of organic cations...Ch. 1 - Many reactions involve a change in hybridization...Ch. 1 - Following is a structural formula of benzene,...Ch. 1 - Following are three contributing structures for...Ch. 1 - (a) Draw a Lewis structure for the ozone molecule,...Ch. 1 - The following two compounds are isomers; that is,...Ch. 1 - In future chapters, we will encounter...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.78AP
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