Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Nature of the bond is whether nonpolar covalent or polar covalent or ions has to classified.
Concept introduction:
Nature of the bond:
Nature of the bond is based on the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.
Non polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is less than 0.5.
Polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is 0.5 to 1.9.
The ions formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is more than 1.9.
(b)
Interpretation:
Nature of the bond is whether nonpolar covalent or polar covalent or ions has to classified.
Concept introduction:
Nature of the bond:
Nature of the bond is based on the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.
Non polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is less than 0.5.
Polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is 0.5 to 1.9.
The ions formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is more than 1.9.
(c)
Interpretation:
Nature of the bond is whether nonpolar covalent or polar covalent or ions has to classified.
Concept introduction:
Nature of the bond:
Nature of the bond is based on the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.
Non polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is less than 0.5.
Polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is 0.5 to 1.9.
The ions formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is more than 1.9.
(d)
Interpretation:
Nature of the bond is whether nonpolar covalent or polar covalent or ions has to classified.
Concept introduction:
Nature of the bond:
Nature of the bond is based on the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.
Non polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is less than 0.5.
Polar covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is 0.5 to 1.9.
The ions formed when the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms is more than 1.9.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Identify the electron pair geometry, the molecular structure of each, and the polarity of the following molecules: (a) ClNO (N is the central atom) (b) Cl2CO (C is the central atom) (c) Cl2SO (S is the central atom) (d) SO2F2 (S is the central atom) (e) XeO2F2 (Xe is the central atom) (f) ClOF2 + (Cl is the central atom)arrow_forward(a) Complete the Lewis structure for vinyl chloride by showing all unshared pairs of electrons. (b) Predict the H-C-H, H-C-C, and Cl-C-H bond angles in this molecule. (c) Does vinyl chloride have polar bonds? Is it a polar molecule? Does it have a dipole?arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures for the following, and include resonance structures where appropriate. Indicate which has the strongest carbon-oxygen bond.(a) CO2(b) COarrow_forward
- Consider the collection of nonmetallic elements O, P, Te,I, and B. (a) Which two would form the most polar singlebond? (b) Which two would form the longest single bond?(c) Which two would be likely to form a compound of formulaXY2? (d) Which combinations of elements would likelyyield a compound of empirical formula X2Y3?arrow_forwardIn each case, tell whether the bond is ionic, polar cova- lent, or nonpolar covalent. (a) Br, (e) SiH, (d) SrF, (c) HCl (g) N, (b) BrCl 2 (f) CO (h) CsCl 4.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis diagrams for the following ions. In the formula the symbol of the central atom is given first. (Hint:The valence octet may be expanded for the central atom.)(a) BrO4 - (b) PCl6 - (c) XeF6+arrow_forward
- Cyanogen (CN)2 is known as pseodohalogen because it has some properties like halogens. It is composed of two CN’s joined together.(i) Draw the Lewis structure for all the possible combination for (CN)2.(ii) Calculate the formal charge and determine which one of the structures that you have drawn is most stable.(iii) For the stable structure, determine the geometry around the two central atoms.(iv) For the stable structure, draw the dipole arrows for the bonds.(v) Base on the stable structure, determine the polarity of molecule and state your reason.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures for the following compounds. Remember to enclose ions in square brackets. On your answer sheet, state the number of valence electrons in each compound. (a) NaCN (b) CH 3 Br (c) Ca(OCl) 2arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: (a) chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2 (b) propanoic acid, C2 H5CO2H (basic structure pictured below) (c) acetonitrile, CH3CH (the framework is H3C-C-N) (d) allene, H3CCCH2arrow_forward
- An elemental analysis of a hydrocarbon, which contains only carbon and hydrogen, shows the mass%: element mass% carbon 92.26 hydrogen 7.743 (A) * Determine the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon. (B) The compound has a molar mass of 26.04 g/mol. Determine its molecular formula. (C, Draw the Lewis structure of the molecular compound. Count the total number of sigma bonds and pi bonds each, present in the molecule. (D, What is the hybridization of carbon in the molecule? Explain.arrow_forwardClassify the following bonds as nonpolar, polar, or ionic: (a) the bond in ClF, (b) the bond in CsBr, and (c) the carbon-carbon double bond in C2H4.arrow_forwardWhich compound has two or more resonance structures?(a) NO2- (b) CO2 (c) NH4+ (d) CCl4arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning