Chapter 1, Problem 1.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater contribution of the structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The outer most shell of the element is called as valence shell. The electrons present in the outer shell are called valence electron.

For example:

Nitrogen element has seven electrons and it has two shells, the second shell is the valence shell and it has five electrons in the valence shell. The five electrons are called as valence electrons.

The number of valence electron of carbon is four, number of valence electron of oxygen is six, number of valence electron of nitrogen is five and the number of valence electron of hydrogen is one.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater contribution of the structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The outer most shell of the element is called as valence shell. The electrons present in the outer shell are called valence electron.

For example:

Nitrogen element has seven electrons and it has two shells, the second shell is the valence shell and it has five electrons in the valence shell. The five electrons are called as valence electrons.

The number of valence electron of carbon is four, number of valence electron of oxygen is six, number of valence electron of nitrogen is five and the number of valence electron of hydrogen is one.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater contribution of the structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The outer most shell of the element is called as valence shell. The electrons present in the outer shell are called valence electron.

For example:

Nitrogen element has seven electrons and it has two shells, the second shell is the valence shell and it has five electrons in the valence shell. The five electrons are called as valence electrons.

The number of valence electron of carbon is four, number of valence electron of oxygen is six, number of valence electron of nitrogen is five and the number of valence electron of hydrogen is one.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater contribution of the structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The outer most shell of the element is called as valence shell. The electrons present in the outer shell are called valence electron.

For example:

Nitrogen element has seven electrons and it has two shells, the second shell is the valence shell and it has five electrons in the valence shell. The five electrons are called as valence electrons.

The number of valence electron of carbon is four, number of valence electron of oxygen is six, number of valence electron of nitrogen is five and the number of valence electron of hydrogen is one.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater contribution of the structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The outer most shell of the element is called as valence shell. The electrons present in the outer shell are called valence electron.

For example:

Nitrogen element has seven electrons and it has two shells, the second shell is the valence shell and it has five electrons in the valence shell. The five electrons are called as valence electrons.

The number of valence electron of carbon is four, number of valence electron of oxygen is six, number of valence electron of nitrogen is five and the number of valence electron of hydrogen is one.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The greater contribution of the structure has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The outer most shell of the element is called as valence shell. The electrons present in the outer shell are called valence electron.

For example:

Nitrogen element has seven electrons and it has two shells, the second shell is the valence shell and it has five electrons in the valence shell. The five electrons are called as valence electrons.

The number of valence electron of carbon is four, number of valence electron of oxygen is six, number of valence electron of nitrogen is five and the number of valence electron of hydrogen is one.

Resonance: The delocalization of electrons which is characterized as several structural changes.