Chapter 1, Problem 1.42P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The condensed structurehas to be drawn for the molecular formula of ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}\text{O}$ with a carbonyl group (there are two aldehydes and one ketone).

Concept introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom $(C=O)$ is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with two alkyl or aryl group is called as ketone, if the carbonyl carbon is attached with one hydrogen atom and one alkyl or aryl group is called as aldehyde.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The condensed structure has to be drawn for the molecular formula of ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}\text{O}$ with a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydroxyl group (there are eight).

Concept introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl $\left(\text{OH}\right)$ group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below,

Alkenes:

Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons. The carbon-carbon double bond is called as alkenes and it is also called as olefins.