Use this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence.5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that)1) A silent mutation that is also a transition # Table 13.1: The Genetic CodeThis table presents the genetic code, which translates nucleotide triplets (codons) into amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. The table is organized with the first base of the codon shown in the rows, the second base in the columns, and the third base within each cell.### Codon Table- **First Base: U** - UUU, UUC: Phenylalanine (Phe) - UUA, UUG: Leucine (Leu) - UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG: Serine (Ser) - UAU, UAC: Tyrosine (Tyr) - UAA, UAG: Stop codon - UGU, UGC: Cysteine (Cys) - UGA: Stop codon - UGG: Tryptophan (Trp)- **First Base: C** - CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG: Leucine (Leu) - CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG: Proline (Pro) - CAU, CAC: Histidine (His) - CAA, CAG: Glutamine (Gln) - CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG: Arginine (Arg)- **First Base: A** - AUU, AUC, AUA: Isoleucine (Ile) - AUG: Methionine (Met); start codon - ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG: Threonine (Thr) - AAU, AAC: Asparagine (Asn) - AAA, AAG: Lysine (Lys) - AGU, AGC: Serine (Ser) - AGA, AGG: Arginine (Arg)- **First Base: G** - GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG: Valine (Val) - GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG: Alanine (Ala) - GAU, GAC: Aspartic acid (Asp) - GAA, GAG: Glutamic acid (Glu) - GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG: Glycine (Gly)### ExplanationThe

Introduction DNA mutations can occur for a variety of reasons, not just mistakes in DNA replication. Damage to DNA can also result in mutations, differences in the nucleotide sequence of a genome. Such mutations might be either spontaneous or engineered. When a person is exposed to chemicals, UV rays, x-rays, or any environmental factor, they may experience induced mutations. Natural processes occurring inside the body cause spontaneous mutations to happen without any exposure to outside agents.Variable affects may result from mutations. Substitutions are base pair-specific mutations also referred to as point mutations. Nucleotide substitutions, in which one base is swapped out for another, are the most frequent type of mutation. Transitions and transversions are the two different categories of substitutions. Transition substitution refers to the replacement of a purine or pyrimidine by a base of the same kind; for instance, adenine may be replaced by guanine, a purine. A purine can be substituted for a pyrimidine or vice versa in a process known as "transversion substitution." For instance, cytosine, a pyrimidine, can be changed into adenine, a purine. Silent mutations are certain point mutations that have no effect on the organism. Due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, in the case of silent mutations, the substituted base pair still causes the overall codon in which it resides to code for the same amino acid. In short in silent mutations, even by substituting removing or deleting one base pair, the mRNA will code for same amino acid sequence and hence have no overall effect on organism. Now, Given mRNA sequence: AUG CAC AAA UUA GAG UAC CCC CCA GGA AGG UAG_ Amino acid sequence: MET HIS LYS LEU GLU TYR PRO PRO GLY ARG STOP Now lets change one base adenine and replace it with guanine (this is transition as explained above). Now, mRNA sequence becomes: AUG CAC AAA UUG GAG UAC CCC CCU GGA AGG UAG_ Amino acid sequence: MET HIS LYS LEU GLU TYR PRO PRO GLY ARG STOP Even after substituting one base pair in mRNA sequence, it codes for same amino acids , hence this is silent mutation as well as transition mutation.