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Translate each changed sequence. Does the mutation result in a change in the amino acid sequence? If so, what is the effect of the mutation on protein structure (amino acid sequence; see #2 above)

Translate each changed sequence. Does the mutation result in a change in the amino acid sequence? If so, what is the effect of the mutation on protein structure (amino acid sequence; see #2 above)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Translate each changed sequence. Does the mutation result in a change in the amino acid sequence? If so, what is the effect of the mutation on protein structure (amino acid sequence; see #2 above)

**Instructions for mRNA Sequence Analysis** For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences given in the table below: 3. **Translate the Original Sequence:** Start translation at the first nucleotide for these short sequences. 4. **Identify Nucleotide Differences:** Highlight or underline the single nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences. 5. **Determine Mutation Type:** For each altered nucleotide sequence, specify the type of mutation (effect at the DNA/nucleotide level; refer to point #1 above). 6. **Translate Changed Sequences:** Analyze whether the mutation results in an alteration of the amino acid sequence. If a change occurs, explain the mutation’s impact on protein structure (refer to point #2 above).
Transcribed Image Text:**Instructions for mRNA Sequence Analysis** For each of the five short mRNA nucleotide sequences given in the table below: 3. **Translate the Original Sequence:** Start translation at the first nucleotide for these short sequences. 4. **Identify Nucleotide Differences:** Highlight or underline the single nucleotide difference between the original (left) and altered (right) sequences. 5. **Determine Mutation Type:** For each altered nucleotide sequence, specify the type of mutation (effect at the DNA/nucleotide level; refer to point #1 above). 6. **Translate Changed Sequences:** Analyze whether the mutation results in an alteration of the amino acid sequence. If a change occurs, explain the mutation’s impact on protein structure (refer to point #2 above).
## Codon Chart and Mutation Analysis ### Codon Chart Explanation The top chart is a codon table that translates mRNA sequences into amino acids. It is organized as follows: - **Rows** represent the first nucleotide of an mRNA codon (U, C, A, or G on the left). - **Columns** represent the second nucleotide (U, C, A, or G at the top). - **Third Nucleotide** is shown on the right, aligning with the specific amino acids or stop codons, listed in the cells. Example: - AUG codes for Methionine and serves as the start codon. - UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons which terminate protein synthesis. ### Mutation Analysis Table This table shows the effects of mutations in mRNA sequences: | mRNA | Amino Acid | Original Sequence | Altered Sequence | Type of Mutation: DNA Nucleotide | Effect: Protein/Amino Acid | |-------------------------|-------------------|-------------------|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------| | **Original Sequence 1** | **Amino Acid 1** | AUUCGGAUA | AUUCGGGUAA | | | | **Original Sequence 2** | **Amino Acid 2** | ACGGAACCG | ACGGUACCG | | | | **Original Sequence 3** | **Amino Acid 3** | GCUAGGAUG | GCUUAGGAUG | | | | **Original Sequence 4** | **Amino Acid 4** | GGCGCUCAUCAUCA | GGCGCACUAUCAUCA | | | - **Original Sequence**: The initial mRNA sequence. - **Altered Sequence**: The mRNA sequence after mutation. - **Type of Mutation**: Refers to changes at the DNA level, not specified in this table. - **Effect**: Describes the impact on the protein sequence or structure due to the mutation, not specified here. This table summarizes and illustrates how mutations in nucleotide sequences can potentially impact protein synthesis, leading to alterations in amino acid sequences. Understanding these changes is crucial in genetic studies and diagnosing genetic disorders.
Transcribed Image Text:## Codon Chart and Mutation Analysis ### Codon Chart Explanation The top chart is a codon table that translates mRNA sequences into amino acids. It is organized as follows: - **Rows** represent the first nucleotide of an mRNA codon (U, C, A, or G on the left). - **Columns** represent the second nucleotide (U, C, A, or G at the top). - **Third Nucleotide** is shown on the right, aligning with the specific amino acids or stop codons, listed in the cells. Example: - AUG codes for Methionine and serves as the start codon. - UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons which terminate protein synthesis. ### Mutation Analysis Table This table shows the effects of mutations in mRNA sequences: | mRNA | Amino Acid | Original Sequence | Altered Sequence | Type of Mutation: DNA Nucleotide | Effect: Protein/Amino Acid | |-------------------------|-------------------|-------------------|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------| | **Original Sequence 1** | **Amino Acid 1** | AUUCGGAUA | AUUCGGGUAA | | | | **Original Sequence 2** | **Amino Acid 2** | ACGGAACCG | ACGGUACCG | | | | **Original Sequence 3** | **Amino Acid 3** | GCUAGGAUG | GCUUAGGAUG | | | | **Original Sequence 4** | **Amino Acid 4** | GGCGCUCAUCAUCA | GGCGCACUAUCAUCA | | | - **Original Sequence**: The initial mRNA sequence. - **Altered Sequence**: The mRNA sequence after mutation. - **Type of Mutation**: Refers to changes at the DNA level, not specified in this table. - **Effect**: Describes the impact on the protein sequence or structure due to the mutation, not specified here. This table summarizes and illustrates how mutations in nucleotide sequences can potentially impact protein synthesis, leading to alterations in amino acid sequences. Understanding these changes is crucial in genetic studies and diagnosing genetic disorders.
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