Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Microbial Life: Origin And DiscoveryChapter 1.1 - From Germ To Genome: What Is A Microbe?Chapter 1.2 - Microbes Shape Human HistoryChapter 1.3 - Medical MicrobiologyChapter 1.4 - Microbial EcologyChapter 1.5 - The Microbial Family TreeChapter 1.6 - Cell Biology And The Dma RevolutionChapter 2 - Observing The Microbial CellChapter 2.1 - Observing MicrobesChapter 2.2 - Optics And Properties Of Light
Chapter 2.3 - Bright-field MicroscopyChapter 2.4 - Fluorescence Microscopy And Super-resolution ImagingChapter 2.5 - Dark-field And Phase-contrast MicroscopyChapter 2.6 - Electron Microscopy, Scanning Probe
microscopy, And X-ray CrystallographyChapter 3 - Cell Structure And FunctionChapter 3.1 - The Bacterial Cell: An OverviewChapter 3.2 - The Cell Membrane And TransportChapter 3.3 - The Cell Wall And Outer LayersChapter 3.5 - Cell Polarity And AgingChapter 3.6 - Specialized StructuresChapter 4 - Bacterial Culture, Growth, And DevelopmentChapter 4.1 - Microbial NutritionChapter 4.2 - Nutrient UptakeChapter 4.3 - Culturing And Counting BacteriaChapter 4.4 - The Growth CycleChapter 4.6 - Cell DifferentiationChapter 5 - Environmental Influences And Control Of Microbial GrowthChapter 5.2 - Temperature And PressureChapter 5.3 - OsmolarityChapter 5.4 - Hydronium (ph) And Hydroxide Ion ConcentrationsChapter 5.5 - OxygenChapter 5.6 - Nutrient Deprivation And StarvationChapter 5.7 - Physical, Chemical, And Biological Control Of MicrobesChapter 6 - VirusesChapter 6.1 - Viruses In EcosystemsChapter 6.2 - Virus StructureChapter 6.3 - Viral Genomes And ClassificationChapter 6.4 - Bacteriophages: The Gut ViromeChapter 6.5 - Animal And Plant VirusesChapter 6.6 - Culturing VirusesChapter 7 - Genomes And ChromosomesChapter 7.2 - Genome OrganizationChapter 7.3 - Dna ReplicationChapter 7.6 - Dna Sequence AnalysisChapter 8 - Transcription, Translation, And BioinformaticsChapter 8.1 - Rna Polymerases And Sigma FactorsChapter 8.3 - Translation Of Rna To ProteinChapter 8.6 - Bioinformatics: Mining The GenomesChapter 9 - Gene Transfer, Mutations, And Genome EvolutionChapter 9.1 - Mosaic Genomes And Gene TransferChapter 9.2 - RecombinationChapter 9.3 - MutationsChapter 9.4 - Dna RepairChapter 9.5 - Mobile Genetic ElementsChapter 9.6 - Genome EvolutionChapter 10 - Molecular RegulationChapter 10.1 - Gene Expression: Levels Of ControlChapter 10.2 - Operon ControlChapter 10.3 - Sigma Factors And Regulatory RnasChapter 10.4 - Integrated Control CircuitsChapter 10.5 - Quorum Sensing: Chemical ConversationsChapter 10.6 - Transcriptomics And ProteomicsChapter 11 - Viral Molecular BiologyChapter 11.1 - Phage Lambda: Enteric BacteriophageChapter 11.2 - Influenza Virus: (-) Strand Rna VirusChapter 11.3 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (hiv): RetrovirusChapter 11.4 - Endogenous Retroviruses And Gene TherapyChapter 11.5 - Herpes Simplex Virus: Dna VirusChapter 12 - Biotechniques And Synthetic BiologyChapter 12.1 - Genetic AnalysesChapter 12.2 - Molecular TechniquesChapter 12.3 - Visualizing The Interactions And Movements Of ProteinsChapter 12.4 - Applied BiotechnologyChapter 12.5 - Synthetic Biology: Biology By DesignChapter 13 - Energetics And CatabolismChapter 13.1 - Energy And Entropy For LifeChapter 13.2 - Energy In Biochemical ReactionsChapter 13.3 - Energy Carriers And Electron TransferChapter 13.5 - Glucose Breakdown And FermentationChapter 13.6 - The Tca Cycle And Aromatic CatabolismChapter 14 - Electron Flow In Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, And PhototrophyChapter 14.1 - Electron Transport SystemsChapter 14.2 - The Proton Motive ForceChapter 14.3 - The Respiratory Ets And Atp SynthaseChapter 14.4 - Anaerobic RespirationChapter 14.5 - Lithotrophy And MethanogenesisChapter 14.6 - PhototrophyChapter 15 - BiosynthesisChapter 15.1 - Overview Of BiosynthesisChapter 15.2 - Co2 Fixation: The Calvin CycleChapter 15.4 - Biosynthesis Of Fatty Acids And PolyketidesChapter 15.6 - Biosynthesis Of Amino Acids And Nitrogenous BasesChapter 16.1 - Microbes As FoodChapter 16.2 - Fermented Foods: An OverviewChapter 16.3 - Acid- And Alkali-fermented FoodsChapter 16.4 - Ethanolic Fermentation: Bread And WineChapter 16.5 - Food Spoilage And PreservationChapter 16.6 - Industrial MicrobiologyChapter 17 - Origins And EvolutionChapter 17.1 - Origins Of LifeChapter 17.2 - Early MetabolismChapter 17.3 - Microbial Phylogeny And Gene TransferChapter 17.4 - Adaptive EvolutionChapter 17.5 - Microbial Species And TaxonomyChapter 17.6 - Symbiosis And The Origin Of Mitochondria And ChloroplastsChapter 18 - Bacterial DiversityChapter 18.1 - Bacterial Diversity At A GlanceChapter 18.2 - Cyanobacteria: Oxygenic PhototrophsChapter 18.3 - Firmicutes And Actinobacteria (gram-positive)Chapter 18.4 - Proteobacteria (gram-negative)Chapter 19 - Archaeal DiversityChapter 19.1 - Archaeal Traits And PhylogenyChapter 19.2 - Crenarchaeota Across The Temperature RangeChapter 19.4 - Methanogenic EuryarchaeotaChapter 19.6 - Extremophilic Euryarchaeota And Deeply Branching DivisionsChapter 20 - Eukaryotic DiversityChapter 20.2 - FungiChapter 20.3 - AlgaeChapter 20.4 - Amebas And Slime MoldsChapter 20.5 - Alveolates: Dilates, Dinoflagellates, And ApicomplexansChapter 21 - Microbial EcologyChapter 21.1 - Metagenomes—and BeyondChapter 21.2 - Functional EcologyChapter 21.4 - Animal Digestive MicrobiomesChapter 21.5 - Marine And Freshwater MicrobesChapter 21.6 - Soil And Plant Microbial CommunitiesChapter 22 - Microbes In Global Elemental CyclesChapter 22.1 - Biogeochemical CyclesChapter 22.3 - The Hydrologic Cycle And Wastewater TreatmentChapter 22.4 - The Nitrogen CycleChapter 22.5 - Sulfur, Phosphorus, And MetalsChapter 23 - Human Microbiota And Innate ImmunityChapter 23.1 - Human MicrobiomeChapter 23.3 - Overview Of The Immune SystemChapter 23.4 - Physical And Chemical Defenses Against InfectionChapter 23.5 - Innate Immunity: Surveillance, Cytokines, And InflammationChapter 23.6 - Complement And FeverChapter 24 - The Adaptive Immune ResponseChapter 24.1 - Overview Of Adaptive ImmunityChapter 24.2 - Antibody Structure, Diversity, And SynthesisChapter 24.3 - T Cells Link Antibody And Cellular Immune SystemsChapter 24.4 - Complement As Part Of Adaptive ImmunityChapter 24.5 - Gut Mucosal Immunity And The MicrobiomeChapter 24.6 - ImmunizationChapter 25 - Microbial PathogenesisChapter 25.1 - Host-pathogen InteractionsChapter 25.4 - Toxins Subvert Host FunctionChapter 25.5 - Deploying Toxins And EffectorsChapter 25.6 - Surviving Within The HostChapter 25.7 - Experimental Tools That Probe PathogenesisChapter 26 - Microbial DiseasesChapter 26.2 - Skin, Soft-tissue, And Bone InfectionsChapter 26.3 - Respiratory Tract InfectionsChapter 26.5 - Genitourinary Tract InfectionsChapter 26.6 - Cardiovascular And Systemic InfectionsChapter 26.7 - Central Nervous System InfectionsChapter 27 - Antimicrobial TherapyChapter 27.1 - Fundamentals Of Antimicrobial TherapyChapter 27.2 - Antibiotic Mechanisms Of ActionChapter 27.3 - Challengesof Drug Resistance And DiscoveryChapter 27.4 - Antiviral AgentsChapter 28 - Clinical Microbiology And EpidemiologyChapter 28.1 - Clinical Microbiology: Specimen Collection And HandlingChapter 28.2 - Approaches To Pathogen IdentificationChapter 28.3 - Principles Of EpidemiologyChapter 28.4 - Detecting Emerging Microbial Diseases
Book Details
Microbiology: An Evolving Science provides clear, accessible explanations, smart pedagogy, and stunning art with a contemporary framework that emphasizes the field's cutting-edge research. With the Fourth Edition, the book's value as a superior learning tool is enhanced by two new themes-the gut microbiome and Antarctic microbiology-tightened chapters, and a new online homework course.
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition) homework problems. See examples below:
Microorganisms are quite diverse and include bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Most...The resolution power of the human eyes determines whether the nearby things and objects will be...Bacteria are considered prokaryotes because they do not possess ribosomes, plasma membrane,...Various nutrients required for the growth as well as development of the microbes are divided into...The growth of various microorganisms or microbes is affected by the physical and chemical...The symmetrical capsid of virus can be of two types: icosahedral and filamentous. This symmetrical...A cell undergoes cell division that is also accompanied with division of genetic material in...Characteristics of the open reading frame areas follows: 1. An open reading frame is a sequence of...Microorganisms exchange DNA in three ways: 1. Transformation: It is a method of horizontal gene...
The regulatory mechanisms occurring at the DNA level are as follows: 1. Gene inversion on/off...The bacteriophages need to infect a host for reproduction. Some of the phages reproduce through a...The important points to remember for designing a mutant selection strategy are as follows: 1. The...Sun is the basic source of energy on Earth. Some portion of the energy from the Sun is absorbed by...Lithotrophy is an energy-yielding form of metabolism in which many reduced minerals and...Microbes obtain an organic substrate such as acetyl CoA from minerals like carbonate and nitrate for...Different types of industrial strains possess distinct kinds of biochemical systems that favor...The main composition of the Earth’s early crust was silicon dioxide along with smaller amounts of...The hyperthermophilic bacteria are included in the phylum Aqulficae of deep-branching thermophiles....Archaeal signatures are the distinctive traits of Archaea. These traits include components of the...The eukaryotes evolved in many diverse forms such as amoeba, paramecium, protists, fungi, algae, and...The sequencing and analysis of the metagenome require a series of steps. The DNA samples are...The cycling of a particular nutrient does not take place efficiently on the surface of the Earth....The human body is made up of many organs including the skin, the mouth, the stomach, the gut, and...The definitions of the above-mentioned terms are as follows: 1. Antigen: Antigen can be defined as a...The different forms of microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa may cause various...The various classes of pathogens based on the portal of entry are listed below: 1. Respiratory...Selective toxicity refers to the capacity of an antibiotic to target a specific element of infection...Various reasons to identify the genus and species of the pathogen before treating them include...
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