
Concept explainers
To review:
The branching of
Introduction:
The evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes took place at different periods according to various theories of evolution. The evolutionary history of many eukaryotic microbes can be studied with the help of common morphological characters and molecular sequences. This provides clues about the evolution of multiple species from the common ancestor.

Explanation of Solution
The eukaryotes evolved in many diverse forms such as amoeba, paramecium, protists, fungi, algae, and animals. These species are arranged into branched trees called clades as per their origin. The clade Opisthokonta includes Eumycota (true fungi), Metazoa (multicellular animals), and certain protists.
Some evidences show the closeness among fungi and animals. One such evidence is the presence of similar insertion or deletion sequences in fungi and animals. These sequences can be studied by genome analysis. For example, the presence of a short sequence insertion in elongation factor 1α (EF-1α). Twelve amino acids are encoded by this insert that is found in fungi and animals and is absent in plants and protists.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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