Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 7, Problem 1RQ
Summary Introduction

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The differences between vertical and horizontal gene transfer.

Introduction:

Genome can be defined as the complete set of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of an organism. The genes are comprised of all the information that is essential for the growth and development of the organism. Proteins arise through the process of translation for which the information is stored in the genetic material. Gene transfer is the process of passing on genes or genetic information from one organism to the other organism.

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Explanation of Solution

A cell undergoes cell division that is also accompanied with division of genetic material in majority of the cases. This is to ensure equal transfer of genetic material to the progenies. The table below represents the differences between vertical and horizontal gene transfer:

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a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent.  b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved
If you wanted to reduce the difference between peak and trough levels that occur with repeated administration of a drug, how would you adjust the dose and dose interval without changing the plateau concentration (plateau is the average of peak and trough levels)? Select your answers for both dose and interval. Hint: It may be helpful to think about this problem using an example such as food. How would you eat if you wanted to maintain very steady hunger/satiety levels without changing your total caloric intake? Options: A. Dose; Increase dose     B. Dose; Decrease dose     C. Dose; Do not change dose     D. Interval; Increase the interval between doses (give the drug less frequently)    E. Interval; Decrease the interval between doses (give the drug more frequently)     F. Interval; Do not change the interval
What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. Show the math
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