Chapter 8.1, Problem 11SSC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The properties of sigma and pi bonds need to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Sigma bonds are made by the axial overlapping of half-filled atomic orbitals of atoms.

On the other hand, Pi bonds result from the lateral overlapping of the half-filled atomic orbitals of atoms.

Answer to Problem 11SSC

The overlapping of atomic orbitals from different sides and different extent brings other differences in symmetry and shape.

Explanation of Solution

SIGMA BONDS	PI BONDS
This can be formed by axial overlap of $S-S,S-P,P-P$ orbitals. This type of bond is stronger because overlapping is up to a great extent. This molecular orbital is symmetrical about the inter nuclear axis and consist of single charged cloud. Free rotation of atoms around sigma bond is possible. We can determine shape of molecule by sigma framework around central atom.	This can be formed by sideways overlap of $p-$ orbital only. This type of bond is weaker because overlapping is up to a smaller extent. This molecular orbital is discontinuous and process two charged clouds above and below plane of atoms. Free rotation of atoms around pi bond is not possible. Pi bonds have no contribution of the molecule.

Conclusion

Thus, overlapping of atomic orbitals from different sides and different extent brings other differences in symmetry and shape.