Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 17TYU
EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are identical in all organisms—prokaryotes, protists,
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
While the conversion of glucose (Glc) to pyrucate (Pyr) is shared across all domains of life, the route to get there can differ dramatically. In some Archaea, for example, some of the key steps in glycolysis differ. One example of this is the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). Instead of the two-step process catalyzed by GAPDH and PGK:
GAPDH
GAP + Pi + NAD+ -----> BGP + NADH
PGK
BGP + ADP <-----> 3PG + ATP
The archaeal pathway utilizes the enzyme non-phosporylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) to catalyze the metabolically irreversible step shown below:
GAPN
GAP + NADP+ ---> BGP + NADPH
In bacteria and eukaryotes, GAPDH/PGK are not regulated via allosteric activation or inhibition. Do you imagine this is the same for GAPN? Why or why not?
While the conversion of glucose (Glc) to pyrucate (Pyr) is shared across all domains of life, the route to get there can differ dramatically. In some Archaea, for example, some of the key steps in glycolysis differ. One example of this is the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). Instead of the two-step process catalyzed by GAPDH and PGK:
GAPDH
GAP + Pi + NAD+ -----> BGP + NADH
PGK
BGP + ADP <-----> 3PG + ATP
The archaeal pathway utilizes the enzyme non-phosporylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) to catalyze the metabolically irreversible step shown below:
GAPN
GAP + NADP+ ---> BGP + NADPH
In terms of the ΔGrxn, why is the GAPDH+PGK process reversible but the GAPN process is not?
The citric acid cycle functions to completely oxidize glucose in the presence of oxygen, allowing for a large amount of ATP to be produced within the cell through oxidative phosphorylation. Free oxygen did not always exist within the atmosphere of Earth, meaning that early life forms relied solely
on glycolysis and fermentation to extract energy from
macromolecules. What role did the increase in atmospheric oxygen play in the evolution of life on Earth? Frame your answer in terms of the energy derived from cellular respiration in the presence and absence of oxygen.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.1 - Write a summary reaction for aerobic respiration...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.2 - Add up the energy captured (as ATP, NADH, and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2C
Ch. 8.2 - What are the roles of NAD+, FAD, and oxygen in...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 8.3 - Summarize how the products of protein and lipid...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 8.4 - Compare and contrast anaerobic respiration and...Ch. 8.4 - What is the fate of hydrogen atoms removed from...Ch. 8.4 - What accounts for the ATP yield of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - Is chemiosmosis involved in fermentation? in...Ch. 8 - A chemical process during which a substance gains...Ch. 8 - The reactions of _____ take place within the...Ch. 8 - Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it...Ch. 8 - In the first step of the citric acid cycle, an...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is the major source of...Ch. 8 - The aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - A net profit of only 2 ATPs can be produced...Ch. 8 - When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a correct ranking of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 8 - CONNECT Explain why the proton gradient formed...Ch. 8 - CONNECT How are the endergonic reactions of the...Ch. 8 - PREDICT Could the inner mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 8 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms carry out some form of glycolysis. How does ha fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest metabolic pathways?arrow_forwardPlease explain why each choice is wrong or correct.arrow_forwardTrue or false Some prokaryotes can live in oxygen-free environments such as water logged soil, in ponds where water does not flow, and in the intestines of animals that transfer glucose to NADPH and then pass the electrons down the electron transport chain that is joined to ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis.arrow_forward
- In this chapter you learned that cellular respiration is a lengthy metabolic pathway that consists of 4 distinct phases, beginning with glucose and ending with 36 ATP molecules. The diagram below illustrates how certain compounds from the breakdown of all nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) can be converted into intermediates in głycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle and how they can enter and leave at many different stages of these pathways. Use the lettered items below to corredly identify the numbered items (106 to 115) in the diagram. Record your responses onto the Google Form. food stage 1: a. proteins breakdown of large macro- molecules to simple subunits 106 107 108 b. co2 109 110 fatty acids and glycerol с. lipids stage 2: 111 breakdown of simple subunits to acetyl CoA accompanied by production of limited ATP and NADH d. Kreb Cycle pyruvate simple sugars g. glucose 112 f. ATP 113 02 g. stage 3: complete oxida tion of acetyl COA to H0 and coz involves production of much NADH,…arrow_forwardAutotrophs harvest energy directly from the environment and store it in the form of sugars and other carbohydrate. They and all other organisms use energy stored in sugars to power various endergonic reactions that sustain life. Identify the two cellular process responsible for products described in the figure. Explain the role of each product listed in the processes. A prolonged drought with record-breaking temperatures occurs in the Pacific Northwest. Predict the impact on the cellular processes described in the figure. Justify your response.arrow_forwardExplain the process that is depicted by the diagram below. (What is the overall purpose of the process?What kind of organism uses this process? What is the overall significance of this process to life?)arrow_forward
- A) B) O D) 2 Glycolysis is the process where cells split the sugar glucose to make 2 ATP. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes carry out glycolysis. Where (what location) does glycolysis occur in the eukaryotic cell pictured here? 5 9 11 11 GAVE HAD 9 10 10 8 14arrow_forwardLook at the cellular respiration reaction. What reactants and/or catalysts (enzymes) does the yeast supply? What does the juice supply? What is the product of respiration that we need? In other words, why do organisms need cellular respiration? Propose an alternative experiment to test rates of cellular respiration besides measuring acid production (hint: look at the reaction equation). Do some reading and discuss some applications of fermentation in biotechnology, food production, or medicine.arrow_forwardCellular respiration is a very challenging topic to learn. Instead of asking you many detailed questions about the process, I would rather you show me that you understand the big picture. Why is it necessary for all organisms to do cellular respiration? It doesn't matter if you are a top tier consumer like you and I or a simple decomposing yeast, all organisms must do some sort of cellular respiration. You can answer this by describing the overall purpose and outcome of cellular respiration. You are not required to get into minute details. I DELLarrow_forward
- Which among the following is the correct sequence of cellular respiration?arrow_forwardTrypanosomes living in the bloodstream obtain all their free energy from glycolysis. They take up glucose from the host's blood and excrete pyruvate as a waste product. In this part of their life cycle, trypanosomes do not carry out any oxidative phosphorylation, but they do use another oxygen-dependent pathway, which is absent in mammals, to oxidize NADH. Would this pathway be necessary if the trypanosome excreted lactate rather than pyruvate? Explain. Your explanation should NOT exceed 20 words. The 21st word onwards will not be read and considered.arrow_forwardPhotosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETCs of these processes? a) Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane b) In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP c) In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 d) In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell’s plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respirationarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY