Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 13TYU
CONNECT How are the endergonic reactions of the first phase of glycolysis coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP, which is exergonic? How are the exergonic reactions of the second phase of glycolysis coupled to the endergonic synthesis of ATP and NADH?
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Solve the following problems using the basic assumptions: 1 NADH --> 2.5 ATP; 1 FADH2 --> 1.5 ATP
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Use drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.1 - Write a summary reaction for aerobic respiration...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.2 - Add up the energy captured (as ATP, NADH, and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2C
Ch. 8.2 - What are the roles of NAD+, FAD, and oxygen in...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 8.3 - Summarize how the products of protein and lipid...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 8.4 - Compare and contrast anaerobic respiration and...Ch. 8.4 - What is the fate of hydrogen atoms removed from...Ch. 8.4 - What accounts for the ATP yield of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - Is chemiosmosis involved in fermentation? in...Ch. 8 - A chemical process during which a substance gains...Ch. 8 - The reactions of _____ take place within the...Ch. 8 - Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it...Ch. 8 - In the first step of the citric acid cycle, an...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is the major source of...Ch. 8 - The aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - A net profit of only 2 ATPs can be produced...Ch. 8 - When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a correct ranking of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 8 - CONNECT Explain why the proton gradient formed...Ch. 8 - CONNECT How are the endergonic reactions of the...Ch. 8 - PREDICT Could the inner mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 8 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18TYU
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- Arsenate (HaSO42) can replace inorganic phosphate (pi) in the reaction catalyzed by a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to be directly converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (NADH is still formed ). What is the net energy account of Phase 1 of glycolysis for a cell that is exposed to arsenate? -0 ATP and 2 NADH gained -2 ATPS produced -2 ATPS and 2 NADH produced -6 ATPS and 2 NADH used -2 ATPS usedarrow_forwardConsider the net summary equation for glycolysis. Suppose 13 molecules of glucose enter glycolysis. Calculate the number of molecules produced or used (a-d) upon completion of glycolysis utilizing all 13 glucose molecules. (a) # P; used (b) # pyruvates produced (c) # NADH produced (d) #ADP used.arrow_forwardHow many ATPs—total and net—are produced from breaking down one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?arrow_forward
- Table 8: ATP Yield from Anaerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule) # of ATPS Generated through Substrate-Level Phosphorylation # of ATPS Generated from NADH and FADH, through Oxidative # of NADH and FADH, Produced Gross Subtotal of ATPS Produced Process Phosphorylation NADH: FADH2: Glycolysis NADH: FADH2: GROSS TOTAL of ATPS Produced # of ATPS Spent NETTOTAL of ATPS Produced Fermentationarrow_forwarda) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.arrow_forwardHUW Define metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. List the ways cells control the flow of molecules through metabolic pathways. Explain the roles of the following molecules in biological energy transfer and storage: ADP, ATP, NADH, FADH2, NADPH. Outline the pathways for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose and compare the energy yields of the two pathways. Write two equations for aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule: one using only words and a second using the chemical formula for glucose. Explain how the electron transport system creates the high-energy bond of ATP. Provide a general description of how proteins are made.arrow_forward
- What is the overall net reaction of glycolysis? C6H12O6 + 2 NADH + 2 P₁ + 2 ATP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NAD+ + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ADP C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 4 P₁ + 4 ADP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 4 ATP Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 P₁ + 2 ADP --> 2 C3H3O3 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ATP Glucose + 2 FAD + 2 P; + 2 ADP --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 FADH₂ + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ATP C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 P₁ + 2 ADP --> Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H₂O + 2 ATParrow_forwardOutline the chemiosmotic hypothesis for the mechanism by which oxidative phosphorylation is coupled with electron transport. How does uncoupling occur in tissues with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)? Under what circumstances would uncoupling be disadvantageous, and under what circumstances might it be advantageous?arrow_forwardTable 7: ATP Yield from Aerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule) in a Eukaryotic Cell # of ATPS Generated from NADH and FADH, through Oxidative # of ATPS Generated through Substrate-Level Phosphorylation # of NADH and FADH2 Produced Gross Subtotal of ATPS Produced Process Phosphorylation NADH: FADH2: NADH: FADH2: Glycolysis Transition Step NADH: FADH2: GROSS TOTAL of ATPS Produced # of ATPS Spent NET TOTAL of ATPS Produced Krebs Cyclearrow_forward
- [References] re the roles of NADH and FADH2 in the production of energy for the cell? DH is oxidized to FAD during electron transport, that then leads to the production of ATP. DH is reduced to FADH¯ during electron transport, that then leads to the production of ATP. DH and FADH, are reduced to NAD¯ and FADH during electron transport, that then leads to the production of AT DH and FADH2 are oxidized to NAD* and FAD during electron transport, that then leads to the production of ATP. mit Answer Try Another Version 1 item attempt remainingarrow_forwardWrite a balanced chemical equation for the pentose phosphate pathway in the first two modes depicted as shown, where (a) ribose-5-phosphate synthesis is maximized and (b) NADPH production is maximized, by conversion of the sugar phosphate products to glucose-6-phosphate for repeated operations of the pathway.arrow_forwardHow many ATP (net) are made in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the Kreb's/Citric Acid cycle part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the electron transport part of cellular respiration? In which phase of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide made? In which phase of cellular respiration is water made? In which phase of cellular respiration is oxygen a substrate? In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a substrate? On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the electron transport process? On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH₂ during the electron transport process?arrow_forward
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