About the evolution of aerobic respiration and oxygen-releasing photosynthetic processes based on the fact the oxygen would not exist in the Earth’s atmosphere today if it were not constantly replenished by organisms that release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis. Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration , in which the oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves a complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO 2 , water, and ATP.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 18TYU

Summary Introduction

To explain: About the evolution of aerobic respiration and oxygen-releasing photosynthetic processes based on the fact the oxygen would not exist in the Earth’s atmosphere today if it were not constantly replenished by organisms that release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.

Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration, in which the oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves a complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO₂, water, and ATP.

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Besides carboxylation, the Calvin Cycle enzyme rubisco can also react with O2 (e.g. oxygenation). The wasteful oxygenation reaction of rubisco is explained by the enzyme developing at time when there was very little O2 in the atmosphere. Since it was developed, why hasn’t rubisco evolved to get rid of the oxygenation reaction? A. Mutations that decrease the affinity of rubisco for O2 probably also decrease the enzyme’s ability to bind CO2. B. Evolution takes time; and since rubisco is found only in eukaryotes, it evolved recently. C. Since it still generates one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA), the oxygenation reaction is actually not that wasteful. D. Because in the past few million years the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen to be much greater than the concentration of O2.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are found throughout the eukaryotic world. They arecomplementary to each other because they each use products of the other process. Evaluatethe concept that there is a common ancestry for all organisms. What evidence exists that theevolution of photosynthesis and cellular respiration support this concept?

Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes? A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced. B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP. C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+. E. All of the above are true

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 18TYU

Summary Introduction

To explain: About the evolution of aerobic respiration and oxygen-releasing photosynthetic processes based on the fact the oxygen would not exist in the Earth’s atmosphere today if it were not constantly replenished by organisms that release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.

Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration, in which the oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves a complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO₂, water, and ATP.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 18TYU

Summary Introduction

To explain: About the evolution of aerobic respiration and oxygen-releasing photosynthetic processes based on the fact the oxygen would not exist in the Earth’s atmosphere today if it were not constantly replenished by organisms that release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis.

Concept introduction: Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration, in which the oxygen is consumed as a reactant to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is the most efficient mode of respiration in most of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It involves a complete combustion or degradation of sugars or organic fuels and produces CO₂, water, and ATP.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 8, Problem 18TYU

Summary Introduction