Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8.2, Problem 2C
Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of electron transport chain, proton gradient, and ATP synthase complex in chemiosmosis ATP synthesis.

Concept introduction: The process in which ions are moved by diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane to synthesize ATP is known as chemiosmosis. This process takes place inside the mitochondria during the aerobic cellular respiration. During the course of chemiosmosis ions move down an electrochemical gradient (gradient of electrochemical potential) by ATP synthase. The ATP synthase harnesses the proton-motive force to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and form ATP.

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Discuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located? b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved? c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.
the reaction catalyzed by glyceradehyde 3-phosphate dehydrigenase is based on NAD+ and a active site cysteine. Also another phosphate group is added. what is the reason for that? a) because one ATP is consumed b) an inorganic phosphate is activated for ATP synthesis  C) NADH can be recycld and than converted back to NAD+ for glycolysis  d) because one ATP is generated
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Biology (MindTap Course List)

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