Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: The process in which one phosphate group is transferred to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from another phosphorylated compound is called a substrate-level phosphorylation.
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Substrate-level phosphorylation (a) occurs through a chemiosmotic mechanism (b) accounts for most of the ATP formed during aerobic cellular respiration (c) occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (d) occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (e) requires high energyelectrons from NADH
Match the following:Chemiosmosis (a) Pathway that begins the break-Glycolysis down of glucoseElectron (b) ATP production from a protontransport chain gradient across the plasmaFermentation membranePhotosynthesis (c) Anaerobic pathway that uses anKrebs cycle organic final electron acceptor (d) Pathway that uses carbon di- oxide, light, and chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates (e) Also is known as the tricar- boxylic acid cycle (TCA) or the citric acid cycle (f) Flavoproteins, cytochromes, and quinones
Which of the following metabolic process produces NADH or NADPH? And which process requires the reducing power of NADH or NADPH as a cofactor?
(1) Glycolysis(2) Gluconeogenesis(3) Pentose Phosphate Pathway(4) TCA cycle(5) Oxidative Phosphorylation(6) Catabolism of fatty acids(7) Anabolism of fatty acids
Produce NADH or NADPH: (1) (3) (4) (6); Require NADH or NADPH: (2) (5) (7)
Produce NADH or NADPH: (3) (4) (7) ; Require NADH or NADPH: (1) (2) (5) (6)
Produce NADH or NADPH: (2) (3) (4) (6); Require NADH or NADPH: (1) (5) (7)
Produce NADH or NADPH: (1) (3) (4) (7); Require NADH or NADPH: (2) (5) (6)
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.1 - Write a summary reaction for aerobic respiration...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.2 - Add up the energy captured (as ATP, NADH, and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2C
Ch. 8.2 - What are the roles of NAD+, FAD, and oxygen in...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 8.3 - Summarize how the products of protein and lipid...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 8.4 - Compare and contrast anaerobic respiration and...Ch. 8.4 - What is the fate of hydrogen atoms removed from...Ch. 8.4 - What accounts for the ATP yield of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - Is chemiosmosis involved in fermentation? in...Ch. 8 - A chemical process during which a substance gains...Ch. 8 - The reactions of _____ take place within the...Ch. 8 - Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it...Ch. 8 - In the first step of the citric acid cycle, an...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is the major source of...Ch. 8 - The aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - A net profit of only 2 ATPs can be produced...Ch. 8 - When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a correct ranking of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 8 - CONNECT Explain why the proton gradient formed...Ch. 8 - CONNECT How are the endergonic reactions of the...Ch. 8 - PREDICT Could the inner mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 8 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18TYU
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- Which of the following statements is true?a) the ATP synthase adds electrons directly to ADP to make ATP b) acetyl CoA produced in the citric acid cycle carries electrons to the electrontransport chainc) the electron transport chain pumps protons from the cytosol into the inter-membrane space of mitochondriad) carbon monoxide is an electron transport chain blockerarrow_forwardIn one of the steps of glycolysis, the enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate; the phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP to form ATP during the reaction. This process is an example of: A) O ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation B) O coupling an energy releasing process to an energy requiring process C) O oxidative phosphorylation D) OB and C are correct E) OA and B are correctarrow_forwardTwo Acetyl-coA molecules released from a fatty acid enter the Krebs cycle, and can produce six NADH molecules and two FADH2 molecules. These reduced coenzymes can be used to generate: a) 28 ATP b) 22 ATP c) 12 ATP d) 6 ATP e) 4 net ATParrow_forward
- The immediate energy source that drives ATPsynthesis by ATP synthase during oxidativephosphorylation is the(A) oxidation of glucose and other organiccompounds.(B) flow of electrons down the electron transportchain.(C) H+concentration gradient across the membrane holdingATP synthase.(D) transfer of phosphate to ADParrow_forwardThe figure represents an overview of the different entry pathways to cellular respiration when different macromolecules are digested for energy production. Why are none of the digestive products entering the electron transport chain directly? a) S b) The electron transport chain does not produce ATP. The electron transport chain is too deeply embedded in the mitochondria. c) The electron transport chain only receives electrons arried by reduced electron carrier molecules such as NADH. #192 d) The electron transport chain only receives electrons carried by oxidized electron carrier molecules such as NAD". 4+ Carboye Gyer Fly GP Pyre Gylysis P Odat ACarrow_forwardThe “aerobic” part of aerobic cellular respiration occurs during (a) glycolysis (b) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (c) the citric acid cycle (d) electron transport (e) all the preceding are aerobic processesarrow_forward
- Why are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration? A)NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell. B)They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated. C)They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion. D)The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell. E) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane. 14.arrow_forwardWhat is the direct mechanism of ATP synthesis during the electron transport phase of cellular respiration? (what is the potential energy source that drives ATP production?) b) Why is oxygen needed for this phase? c) What is the role of ATP synthasearrow_forwardThe greatest amount NADH is produced during which stage of aerobic respiration? A) O glycolysis B) Opyruvate conversion to acetyl-S-CoA C) O tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) D) O fermentationarrow_forward
- A proton gradient is created during the electron transport chain using the energy released from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. The protons then cross the membrane through ATP synthase down their electrochemical gradient, and ATP is produced. This is an example of A) energy coupling B) cotransport C) allosteric regulation.arrow_forwardDuring which of the following processes does NAD+ become reduced? There might be more than one answer A)Chemiosmosis B)Electron transport chain (ETC) C)Glycolysis D)Pyruvate oxidation + Citric Acid Cycle 7.arrow_forwarda) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.arrow_forward
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