Chapter 7, Problem 93A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between ionic bond and metallic bond needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecules are bound together by different types of bonds namely ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds are formed when there is complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. These atoms either lose or gain electrons to become negatively or positively charged ions. The forces of attraction between these ions causes the ionic bond formation and are strong bonds. Metallic bonds are those where the metal forms metal ions which are embedded in a sea of electrons.

Answer to Problem 93A

The main differences between metallic and ionic bonds is that in metallic bonds the forces of attraction is between metal ion and sea of electrons while in ionic bond, the forces of attraction are between positive ion and negative ion.

Explanation of Solution

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to the other. The metal atoms, an electrons donor, loses electrons to form a positively charged ion while the non-metal atoms, electron acceptor, gains electrons to form negatively charged ions. During the process of donating or gaining electrons, the atoms follow octet rule to attain a stable noble gas configuration.

Metallic bonds are formed when metal ions are surrounded by sea of electrons. Its ionisation energy is low. Due to the presence of empty orbitals, the metal atoms overlap their valence orbitals and lose their valence electrons.

Metallic bond	Ionic bond
Bond that occurs between two metals	Bonds that occur between metal and non metals.
The electrostatic force of attraction is between the metal ion and the electrons which are delocalized	The electrostatic force of attraction is between the cation and anion.
There is attraction between the delocalized electrons in the lattice	There is transfer of electrons between the donor and acceptor.

Conclusion

The main differences metallic and ionic bonds is that in metallic bonds the forces of attraction is between metal ion and sea of electrons while in ionic bond, the forces of attraction are between positive ion and negative ion.