Chapter 6.3, Problem 25LC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Element having larger ionization is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The first ionization energy is the energy required to extractthe outermost electron from an isolated neutral atom. Ionization energy depends on the size of the atom and the electronic configuration of the element.

Answer to Problem 25LC

Sodium

Explanation of Solution

The first ionization energy and atomic size are inversely related. The larger the size,the less will be the first ionization energy. Down the group atomic size increases. Sodium and potassium are present in the same group but in different periods. Potassium is present below sodium in the periodic table, so its atomic size is larger than the atomic size of sodium. Thus, the first ionization energy of sodium is more.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Element having larger ionization is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The first ionization energy is the energy required to extractthe outermost electron from an isolated neutral atom. Ionization energy depends on the size of the atom and the electronic configuration of the element.

Answer to Problem 25LC

Phosphorous

Explanation of Solution

The first ionization energy and atomic size are inversely related. The larger the size less will be the first ionization energy. Phosphorous and magnesium are present in the same period and across the period atomic size decreases. Phosphorous is present right to magnesium, so its atomic size is less than the atomic size of magnesium. Also phosphorous is having half filled outermost shell which makes it more stable. Thus, the first ionization energy of phosphorous is more than that of Mg.