Chapter 6, Problem 54A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ion having a larger ionic size is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number.

Answer to Problem 54A

  ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$

Explanation of Solution

  ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ and ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ have the same ionic charge. But Ca is placed below Mg. The atomic and ionic size increases down the group. This is because when moving from top to bottom in the group, both the number of shells and nuclear charge increase. The effect of more shells, however, outweighs the effect of a higher nuclear charge which increases atomic radius.

Thus, ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ is larger in size.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ion having a larger ionic size is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number.

Answer to Problem 54A

  ${\text{P}}^{3-}$

Explanation of Solution

Across the period atomic and ionic size decreases. So, ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ should have a higher ionic size. But ${\text{P}}^{3-}$ has a more negative charge which causes repulsion among electrons and increases its size.

Thus, ${\text{P}}^{3-}$ is larger in size.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ion having a larger ionic size is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number.

Answer to Problem 54A

  ${\text{Cu}}^{+}$

Explanation of Solution

Ions having greater positive charge are smaller in size. This is because the decrease in the number of electrons increases the electrostatic attraction between electrons and protons, which causes inward pull and decreases its ionic size.

Thus, ${\text{Cu}}^{+}$ will have a larger size.