The major product for the given reaction should be determined. Concept introduction: Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation. Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom. Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation. Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants. Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction. In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C = C then it is named as s y n addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C = C it is defined as anti-addition.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

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II. Draw the structure of the main product of the following reactions.

What are the major product(s)? Br FeBr3

Consider the following reaction. CH3CH₂CH=CHCOH HCI CH3CH₂CH CHCOH c₁ CH3CH₂CH- H O CHCOH H CI this product is not observed Account for the fact that this reaction yields only a single product by drawing the carbocation intermediate leading to the observed product.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product for the given reaction should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of phi bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

First step is the acid donates proton to the alkene which leads to the formation of more stable carbo cation.

Then, the water is added to the given alkene through acid catalyzed reaction where the water gets added to the carbo cation finally, the removal of one proton from oxonium ion (oxygen with one positive charge) using water results in the formation of product.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from the acid catalyzed hydration of given alkene should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product obtained from addition of HBr with the given compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

The product of electrophilic addition reaction obtained by addition of electrophile to sp2 carbon and the reaction goes the path which has formation of more stable carbocation.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Answer 18

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are available for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P Ch. 6.5 - a. What is the major product of each of the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the major product for the given reaction should be determined. Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donate electrons to electrophilic compounds.

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