Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The “
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.
(a)
Answer to Problem 5.8EP
The “
Explanation of Solution
The general structure of carboxylic acid is,
The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is not a carbon atom. It is an oxygen atom. As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar. This can be shown as given below,
The “
(b)
Interpretation:
The “
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid. The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,
In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.
(b)
Answer to Problem 5.8EP
The “
Explanation of Solution
The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,
The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is a hydrogen atom. Hydrogen atom is not a heteroatom and hence the bond between carbonyl carbon atom and hydrogen atom is said to be nonpolar. This can be shown as given below,
The “
(c)
Interpretation:
The “
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid. The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,
In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.
(c)
Answer to Problem 5.8EP
The “
Explanation of Solution
The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,
The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is a chlorine atom. As there is a polarity difference between carbon and chlorien atom, the bond between carbon and chlorine will be polar. This can be shown as given below,
The “
(d)
Interpretation:
The “
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Carboxylic acid derivatives are the ones that are synthesized from or converted to a carboxylic acid. The generalized structural representation of carboxylic acid derivatives is shown below,
In the carboxylic acid derivatives, if the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom means, then the bond will be polar and is it is bonded to carbon atom means then it will be nonpolar.
(d)
Answer to Problem 5.8EP
The “
Explanation of Solution
The general structure of carboxylic acid derivatives is,
The atom in entity Z that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom is an oxygen atom. As there is a polarity difference between carbon and oxygen atom, the bond between carbon and oxygen will be polar. This can be shown as given below,
The “
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Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
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