
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Lactic acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom.
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the
(b)
Interpretation:
Glutaric acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.
(c)
Interpretation:
Valeric acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.
(d)
Interpretation:
Pyruvic acid has to be classified among the given options.
Concept Introduction:
Carbonyl groups are the one which contain a double bond between carbon and oxygen atom. Aldehydes and ketones possess this carbonyl functional group in it. The structural representation of a carbonyl group can be given as shown below,
If a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbonyl group means it is known as carboxyl group. This can be represented as shown below,
Apart from carboxyl group, there can be other functional group also that is present in the carboxylic acid. They are known as polyfunctional carboxylic acids. These occur naturally also. Some of the important type of polyfunctional carboxylic acids are hydroxy acids, keto acids, and unsaturated acids.

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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Pls help asaparrow_forwardPredict the major products of this reaction: ་ ་ + H NaOH ? Δ excess Note that the second reactant is used in excess, that is, there is much more of the second reactant than the first. If there won't be any products, just check the box under the drawing area instead.arrow_forwardP A student claims the right-hand side of the reaction in the drawing area below shows the product of a Claisen condensation. • If the student is correct, complete the reaction by adding the necessary organic reactants to the left-hand side, and by adding any necessary reagents and reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • If the student is incorrect, because it's not possible to obtain this product from a Claisen condensation, check the box under the drawing area instead. those that will minimize any byproducts or competing • Note for advanced students: If you have a choice, use the most efficient reactants and reagents reactions. - ☐ ☐ : ☐ + I Х Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
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