Organic And Biological Chemistry
Organic And Biological Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305638686
Author: H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Concept explainers

Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called fu…
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particul…
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in man…
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP

Assign an IUPAC name to each of the following carboxylic acids.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP, Assign an IUPAC name to each of the following carboxylic acids. , example 1

Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP, Assign an IUPAC name to each of the following carboxylic acids. , example 2

Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP, Assign an IUPAC name to each of the following carboxylic acids. , example 3

Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP, Assign an IUPAC name to each of the following carboxylic acids. , example 4

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

  • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
  • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
  • Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
  • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
  • If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 5.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 4-methylpentanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a five carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is pentane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as pentanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a methyl group present on fourth carbon atom.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 4-methylpentanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 3

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 4-methylpentanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

  • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
  • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
  • Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for carboxylic acid, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
  • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
  • If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 5.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a five carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is pentane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as pentanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two methyl groups present, each on second and fourth carbon atom.  In the IUPAC name prefix “-di” has to be added before the alkyl name.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 6

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

  • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
  • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
  • Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
  • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
  • If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 5.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is heptanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a seven carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is heptane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as heptanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present on the carbon chain.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is heptanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 9

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is heptanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

  • The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.
  • The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.
  • Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1.  This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.
  • The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.
  • If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

In a line-angle structural formula the point at which two lines intersect and the end points are carbon atoms.

Answer to Problem 5.16EP

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Given structure of carboxylic acid is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it.  In this it is a seven carbon chain.  Hence, the parent alkane is heptane.  The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” in the alkane name with “-oic acid”.  This gives the name of carboxylic acid as heptanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two methyl groups present as substituents, each on third carbon atom and fifth carbon atom.  Hence, the IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid.

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 5, Problem 5.16EP , additional homework tip 12

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is 3,5-dimethylheptanoic acid.

Conclusion

IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is found out.

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Organic And Biological Chemistry

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