Interpretation:
The three dimensional formulas for each isomer are to be written. Among all isomers, the chiral isomer is to be checked. The number of fractions obtained and optically active fractions are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.
The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.
The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.
Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules have nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other.
A chiral molecule is one that has nonsuperimposable mirror image and an achiral molecule is one that has superimposable mirror image.
The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.
In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same functional groups are present on the same side of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as cis.
If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.
Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- 1. (A) DRAW are all the possible isomers for dibromobutane and the cylic isomers for C3H4Br2 (B) WRITE THE STRUCTURAL OR CONDENSED FORMULAR FOR C3H7Br C3H6Br2 C3H5Br3 C5H11Brarrow_forwardDraw the skeletal structure of the following organic molecules. (i) 4-chloropentanal (ii) 2,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol (iii) CH3CH(OH)CH₂CN (you can leave the nitrile group as -CN) Name the organic molecules shown below. (i) (CH3)2C=CHCH₂CH3arrow_forward(b) (1-chloromethyl)cyclopentane, C6H11CI reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH to produce a primary alcohol AA. When CsH11Cl is added with magnesium, Mg in ether, an organometallic compound BB is formed. When compound BB reacts with ethanal, CH3CHO, a secondary alcohol cC is formed. The molecular structure of C6H11CI is given below. (1-klorometil)siklopentana, C6H11CI bertindak balas dengan akues natrium hidroksida, NaOH bagi menghasilkan satu alkohol primer AA. Apabila C6H11CI ditambah dengan magnesium, Mg dalam eter, sebatian organologam BB terbentuk. Apabila sebatian BB bertindak balas dengan etanal, CH3CHO, satu alkohol sekunder CC dihasilkan. Struktur molekul bagi C6H11CI diberikan di bawah. (1-chloromethyl)cyclopentanearrow_forward
- (b) Draw the structural formula for each of the following compounds. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi setiap sebatian berikut. (i) 3-fluoro-2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene (ii) ethyl butanoate (ii) 2,4-dichloro-3-methylpentanoic acidarrow_forwardFor each of the following compounds,determine whether each is optically active. For optically active compounds, identify the chiral carbon: ethane, 2-chloro-2-methylbutane, CH3CH(NH2)COOH, CH3CH2CHClCH3and CH3CH2CH2CH3. And for non-optical active compounds, just provide the structure of the compoundarrow_forward1. Write condensed structural formula for all isomers of compounds that fulfill the following requirements: (a) Alkenes with molecular formula CsH10. (b) Alkynes with molecular formula C4H6. (c) Dienes with molecular formula C4H6. 2. For each of the following, give the order of increasing boiling point: (a) n-Heptane, n-octane and n-hexane. (b) n-Pentane, isopentane and n-hexane. (c) 2-Methylhexane, n-heptane and 3,3-dimethylpentane. 9 3. Isomeric compounds can sometimes be distinguished by observing the number of mono- brominated compounds that each forms. In the following cases decide which isomer is present by the number of compounds that are formed. (a) Compound A forms four monobromo compounds. Is it 2-methylbutane or n-pentane? (b) CompoundB forms four monobromo compounds. Is it 2- methylpentane or 3- methylpentane? (c) Compounds C forms monobromo compound. Is it cyclopentane or one mehtylcyclopentane? 4. A hydrocarbon C5H12 was allowed to react with bromine. Only monobromo…arrow_forward
- The meiting points and boiling points of two isomeric alkanes are as follows: CH3(CH2);CH3, mp = -57 °C and bp = 126 °C; (CHalsCC(CH3)3, mp = 102 °C and bp = 106 °C. (a) Explain why one isomer has a lower melting point but higher boiling point. (b) Explain why there is a small difference in the boiling points of the two compounds, but a huge difference in their melting points.arrow_forward(a) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds :(i) CH3CO(CH2)4CH3 (ii) Ph — CH = CH — CHO(b) Describe the following conversions in not more than two steps :(i) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal (ii) Benzoic acid to m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol(iii) Propanone to Propenearrow_forwardWhich of the noncyclic isomers of C4H7F are optically active?arrow_forward
- Chemistry (2023) Q1B2arrow_forwardButanal (C4H&O) has eight H atoms. Suppose that any of these H atoms can be replaced by a Cl atom to yield a molecule with the formula C4H¬CIO. (a) Identify two H atoms where this substitution would yield constitutional isomers of C4H7CIO; (b) enantiomers of C4H;CIO; (c) conformers of C4H;CIO. H. H H H нн H Butanal O=Uarrow_forwardCan cyclopentene exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningMacroscale and Microscale Organic ExperimentsChemistryISBN:9781305577190Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. MastersPublisher:Brooks Cole
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co