The three dimensional formulas for each isomer are to be written. Among all isomers, the chiral isomer is to be checked. The number of fractions obtained and optically active fractions are to be determined. Concept introduction: The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules. The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers. The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive. Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules have nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. A chiral molecule is one that has nonsuperimposable mirror image and an achiral molecule is one that has superimposable mirror image. The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers. In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same functional groups are present on the same side of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as cis. If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans. Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.

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Chapter 5, Problem 47P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The three dimensional formulas for each isomer are to be written. Among all isomers, the chiral isomer is to be checked. The number of fractions obtained and optically active fractions are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.

The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.

The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.

Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules have nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other.

A chiral molecule is one that has nonsuperimposable mirror image and an achiral molecule is one that has superimposable mirror image.

The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.

In double bond or cyclic compounds, if two same functional groups are present on the same side of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as cis.

If the two functional groups are present on the different sides of the double bond or cyclic compound, the given compound can be labeled as Trans.

Cis-trans isomerism exists in the compounds in which similar groups are present on the adjacent carbon atoms.

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(a) Draw the nine isomers having the formula C7H16 . (Hint: There is one structure with a seven-carbon chain, two structures with six-carbon chains [one is illustrated in the margin above], five structures with a five-carbon chain, and one structure with a fourcarbon chain.)(b) Identify the isomers of C7H16 that are chiral.

Which statements are true about constitutional isomers? (a) They have the same molecular formula. (b) They have the same molecular weight. (c) They have the same order of attachment of atoms. (d) They have the same physical properties

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