(a)
Interpretation:
The net ionic equation for the precipitation of
Concept introduction:
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, a change in one of the variables that describe a system at equilibrium produces a shift in the position of the equilibrium that counteracts the effect of this change.
Usually, diprotic and polyprotic acid dissociation is undergoes through several equilibrium steps.
(b)
Interpretation:
The net ionic equation for the precipitation of
Concept introduction:
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle, a change in one of the variables that describe a system at equilibrium produces a shift in the position of the equilibrium that counteracts the effect of this change.
Usually, diprotic and polyprotic acid dissociation is undergoes through several equilibrium steps.
(c)
Interpretation:
The net ionic equation for the precipitation of
Concept introduction:
Follow the lower-numbered guideline when two guidelines are in conflict. This leads to the correct prediction in most cases.
- Salts of group 1 cations (with some exceptions for Li+) and the NH4+ cation are soluble.
- Nitrates, acetates, and perchlorates are soluble.
- Salts of silver, lead, and mercury (I) are insoluble.
- Chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble
- Carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, oxides, and hydroxides are insoluble (sulfides of group 2 cations and hydroxides of Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ are slightly soluble).
- Sulfates are soluble except for those of calcium, strontium, and barium.
There are only two possibilities. Either some cation−anion combination leads to an insoluble solid—a precipitate—or no such combination is possible, or there is no reaction at all.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
- Write balanced net ionic equations for the following reactions in acid solution. (a) Liquid hydrazine reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium bromate. Nitrogen gas and bromide ions are formed. (b) Solid phosphorus (P4) reacts with an aqueous solution of nitrate to form nitrogen oxide gas and dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) ions. (c) Aqueous solutions of potassium sulfite and potassium permanganate react. Sulfate and manganese(II) ions are formed.arrow_forward1. Sometimes a reaction can fall in more than one category. Into what category (or categories) does the reaction of Ba(OH)2(aq) + H+PO4(aq) fit? acid-base and oxidation-reduction oxidation-reduction acid-base and precipitation precipitationarrow_forwardFollow the directions of Question 21 for the following bases: (a) toluidine, C7H9N (b) strontium hydroxide (c) indol, C8H6NH (d) aqueous ammoniaarrow_forward
- When 85.0 mL of 0.250 M Ba(OH)2 solution is added to 85.00 mL of 0.250 M Al (NO3)3 solution, a white gelatinous precipitate of Al(OH)3; is formed. Assuming 100% yield, (a) what mass (in grams) of Al(OH)3 is formed? (b) what is the molarity of each of the ions Ba2+, OH-, Al3+, NO3- in the resulting solution?arrow_forwardWhat volume of 0.200 M NaOH is necessary to neutralize the solution produced by dissolving 2.00 g of PCl3 is an excess of water? Note that when H3PO3 i5 titrated under these conditions, only one proton of the acid molecule reacts.arrow_forwardWhat is the molarity of a solution of sodium hydrogen sulfate that is prepared by dissolving 9.21 g NaHSO4 in enough water to form 2.00-L solution? What is the molarity of each ion in the solution?arrow_forward
- Magnesium metal (a component of alloys used in aircraft and a reducing agent used in the production of uranium, titanium, and other active metals) is isolated from sea water by the following sequence of reactions: Mg2+(aq)+Ca(OH)2(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+Ca2+(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+2HCl(aq)MgCl2(s)+2H2O(l)MgCl2(l)electrolysisMg(s)+Cl2+Cl2(g) Sea water has a density of 1.026 g/cm3 and contains 1272 parts per million of magnesium a5 Mg2+(aq) by mass. What mass, in kilograms, of Ca(OH)2; is required to precipitate 99.9% of the magnesium in 1.00103 L of sea water?arrow_forward4.22 Generally, an excess of O2 is needed for the reaction Sn+O2SnO2 . What is the minimum number of moles of oxygen required to oxidize 7.3 moles of tin?arrow_forwardIodine can be prepared by allowing an aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide to react with manganese dioxide, MnO2. The reaction is 2I(aq)+4H+(aq)+MnO2(s)Mn2+(aq)+2H2O+I2(s) If an excess of hydrogen iodide is added to 0.200 g of MnO2, how many grams of iodine are obtained, assuming 100% yield?arrow_forward
- The formula for tartaric acid is preferably written as H2C4H4O6 rather than as C4H6O6. Explain why.arrow_forwardDescribe in words how you would prepare pure crystalline AgCl and NaNO3 from solid AgNO3 and solid NaCl.arrow_forwardSome of the substances commonly used in stomach antacids are MgO, Mg(OH)2, and Al(OH)3. a. Write a balanced equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid by each of these substances. b. Which of these substances will neutralize the greatest amount of 0.10 M HCl per gram?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning