Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 34.7, Problem 1MI
Summary Introduction
Immunoglobulins (Igs) are also termed as antibodies. Igs are glycoprotein molecules made by plasma cells (white blood cells). Igs play an important role in the immune response by particularly identifying and binding to antigens, like bacteria and viruses and thereby aids in destructing them. Igs are classified into five types, namely IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 34 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 34.2 - What does the term valence mean and how does an...Ch. 34.2 - Distinguish between self and nonself substances.Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.2 - How does a hapten differ from an antigen?Ch. 34.3 - What are the types of adaptive immunity?Ch. 34.3 - What distinguishes natural from artificial...Ch. 34.3 - What are ways that active immunity is different...Ch. 34.3 - Of the four types of acquired immunity, which do...Ch. 34.4 - On what types of cells are MHC class I molecules...Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2MI
Ch. 34.4 - What are MHCs and HLAs? Describe the roles of the...Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.4 - Prob. 3RIACh. 34.4 - How are foreign peptides processed so as to...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 34.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.5 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.5 - Describe antigen processing. How does this process...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 4RIACh. 34.5 - Prob. 5RIACh. 34.5 - Prob. 6RIACh. 34.6 - Which cells are functioning as APCs in this...Ch. 34.6 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.6 - Briefly compare and contrast B cells and T cells...Ch. 34.6 - Prob. 3RIACh. 34.6 - Prob. 4RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1MICh. 34.7 - Prob. 2MICh. 34.7 - Prob. 3MICh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.1RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.4RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.1RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.3RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.4RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.5RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 3.1RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 3.2RIACh. 34.7 - In addition to combinatorial joining, what other...Ch. 34.8 - What is the difference between a precipitation and...Ch. 34.8 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.8 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.8 - How does opsonization inhibit microbial adherence...Ch. 34.8 - Prob. 4RIACh. 34.9 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.9 - How would you define anergy?Ch. 34.10 - Prob. 1MICh. 34.10 - Prob. 2MICh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.1RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.4RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.5RIACh. 34.10 - What is an autoimmune disease and how might it...Ch. 34.10 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 2.3RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 2.4RIACh. 34 - What properties of proteins make them suitable...Ch. 34 - What other biotechnologies could be invented based...Ch. 34 - Speculate as to how MHC, TCR, and BCR molecules...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4CHICh. 34 - Prob. 5CHICh. 34 - In an effort to better understand the mechanisms...Ch. 34 - Prob. 7CHI
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