Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 34, Problem 6CHI
In an effort to better understand the mechanisms by which hosts tolerate their normal gut flora, researchers introduced the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (a normal inhabitant of the guts of both mice and humans) into gnotobiotic mice. They discovered that the more sIgA the mice produced, the better the microbe was tolerated, as monitored by the level of intestinal inflammation. We usually think of antibody production and inflammation as partners in the fight against infectious agents. Why do you think that in this case, the production of antibody was not coupled with inflammation and, to the contrary, protected the host against inflammation? What does this suggest about the mechanism by which normal flora is “permitted” to make a specific host its home?
Read the original paper: Peterson, D. A., et al. 2007. IgA response to symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe 2:328–39.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
What type of structure(s) would you expect to see in peripheral membrane proteins? (mark all that apply)
A. Amphipathic alpha helix (one side is hydrophilic and one side is hydrophobic)
B. A hydrophobic beta barrel
C. A hydrophobic alpha helix
D. A chemical group attached to the protein that can anchor it to the membrane
Temporal flexibility (the ability to change over time) of actin structures within a cell is maintained by…
A.
The growth/shrinkage cycle
B.
Periodic catastrophe
C.
GTP hydrolysis
D.
Treadmilling
E.
None of the above
During in vitro polymerization of actin and microtubule filaments from their subunits, what causes the initial delay in filament growth?
A.Nucleation
B.Reaching homeostasis
C.Nucleotide exchange
D.ATP or GTP hydrolysis
E.Treadmilling
Chapter 34 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 34.2 - What does the term valence mean and how does an...Ch. 34.2 - Distinguish between self and nonself substances.Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.2 - How does a hapten differ from an antigen?Ch. 34.3 - What are the types of adaptive immunity?Ch. 34.3 - What distinguishes natural from artificial...Ch. 34.3 - What are ways that active immunity is different...Ch. 34.3 - Of the four types of acquired immunity, which do...Ch. 34.4 - On what types of cells are MHC class I molecules...Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2MI
Ch. 34.4 - What are MHCs and HLAs? Describe the roles of the...Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.4 - Prob. 3RIACh. 34.4 - How are foreign peptides processed so as to...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 34.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.5 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.5 - Describe antigen processing. How does this process...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 4RIACh. 34.5 - Prob. 5RIACh. 34.5 - Prob. 6RIACh. 34.6 - Which cells are functioning as APCs in this...Ch. 34.6 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.6 - Briefly compare and contrast B cells and T cells...Ch. 34.6 - Prob. 3RIACh. 34.6 - Prob. 4RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1MICh. 34.7 - Prob. 2MICh. 34.7 - Prob. 3MICh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.1RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 1.4RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.1RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.3RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.4RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 2.5RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 3.1RIACh. 34.7 - Prob. 3.2RIACh. 34.7 - In addition to combinatorial joining, what other...Ch. 34.8 - What is the difference between a precipitation and...Ch. 34.8 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.8 - Prob. 2RIACh. 34.8 - How does opsonization inhibit microbial adherence...Ch. 34.8 - Prob. 4RIACh. 34.9 - Prob. 1RIACh. 34.9 - How would you define anergy?Ch. 34.10 - Prob. 1MICh. 34.10 - Prob. 2MICh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.1RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.2RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.3RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.4RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 1.5RIACh. 34.10 - What is an autoimmune disease and how might it...Ch. 34.10 - Prob. 2.2RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 2.3RIACh. 34.10 - Prob. 2.4RIACh. 34 - What properties of proteins make them suitable...Ch. 34 - What other biotechnologies could be invented based...Ch. 34 - Speculate as to how MHC, TCR, and BCR molecules...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4CHICh. 34 - Prob. 5CHICh. 34 - In an effort to better understand the mechanisms...Ch. 34 - Prob. 7CHI
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You expect to find which of the following in the Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)...(mark all that apply) A. Gamma tubulin B. XMAP215 C. Centrioles D. Kinesin-13arrow_forwardThe actin-nucleating protein formin has flexible “arms” containing binding sites that help recruit subunits in order to enhance microfilament polymerization. What protein binds these sites? A.Thymosin B.Profilin C.Cofilin D.Actin E.Tropomodulinarrow_forwardWhile investigating an unidentified motor protein, you discover that it has two heads that bind to actin. Based on this information, you could confidently determine that it is NOT... (mark all that apply) A. A myosin I motor B. A dynein motor C. A myosin VI motor D. A kinesin motorarrow_forward
- You isolate the plasma membrane of cells and find that . . . A. it contains regions with different lipid compositions B. it has different lipid types on the outer and cytosolic leaflets of the membrane C. neither are possible D. A and B both occurarrow_forwardYou are studying the mobility of a transmembrane protein that contains extracellular domains, one transmembrane domain, and a large cytosolic domain. Under normal conditions, this protein is confined to a particular region of the membrane due to the cortical actin cytoskeletal network. Which of the following changes is most likely to increase mobility of this protein beyond the normal restricted region of the membrane? A. Increased temperature B. Protease cleavage of the extracellular domain of the protein C. Binding to a free-floating extracellular ligand, such as a hormone D. Protease cleavage of the cytosolic domain of the protein E. Aggregation of the protein with other transmembrane proteinsarrow_forwardTopic: Benthic invertebrates as an indicator species for climate change, mapping changes in ecosystems (Historical Analysis & GIS) What objects or events has the team chosen to analyze? How does your team wish to delineate the domain or scale in which these objects or events operate? How does that limited domain facilitate a more feasible research project? What is your understanding of their relationships to other objects and events? Are you excluding other things from consideration which may influence the phenomena you seek to understand? Examples of such exclusions might include certain air-born pollutants; a general class of water bodies near Ottawa, or measurements recorded at other months of the year; interview participants from other organizations that are involved in the development of your central topic or issue. In what ways do your research questions follow as the most appropriate and/or most practical questions (given the circumstances) to pursue to better understand…arrow_forward
- The Esp gene encodes a protein that alters the structure of the insulin receptor on osteoblasts and interferes with the binding of insulin to the receptor. A researcher created a group of osteoblasts with an Esp mutation that prevented the production of a functional Esp product (mutant). The researcher then exposed the mutant strain and a normal strain that expresses Esp to glucose and compared the levels of insulin in the blood near the osteoblasts (Figure 2). Which of the following claims is most consistent with the data shown in Figure 2 ? A Esp expression is necessary to prevent the overproduction of insulin. B Esp protein does not regulate blood-sarrow_forwardPredict the per capita rate of change (r) for a population of ruil trees in the presence of the novel symbiont when the soil moisture is 29%. The formula I am given is y= -0.00012x^2 + 0.0088x -0.1372. Do I use this formula and plug in 29 for each x variable?arrow_forwardPlease answer the following chart so I can understand how to do it.arrow_forward
- Digoxin: Intravenous Bolus - Two Compartment Model Drug Digoxin Route: IV Bolus Dose: 0.750 mg Plasma Concentration Time Profile Beta Alpha Time (hrs) Conc (ng/ml) LN (ng/ml) LN (ng/ml) LN 0.00 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM! 0.10 12.290 2.509 #NUM! #NUMI 0.60 6.975 1.942 #NUM! #NUMI 1.00 4.649 1.537 #NUM! #NUMI 2.00 2.201 0.789 #NUM! #NUM! 3.00 1.536 0.429 #NUM! #NUM! 4.00 1.342 0.294 #NUM! #NUM! 5.00 1.273 0.241 #NUM! #NUMI 6.00 1.238 0.213 #NUM! #NUM! 7.00 1.212 0.192 #NUM! #NUM! 8.00 1.188 0.172 #NUMI #NUM! 9.00 1.165 0.153 #NUM! #NUMI 10.00 1.143 0.134 #NUMI #NUM! 11.00 1.122 0.115 #NUM! 12.00 1.101 0.096 #NUMI 13.00 1.080 0.077 #NUMI 16.00 1.020 0.020 #NUMI 24.00 0.876 -0.132 #NUMI Pharmacokinetic Parameters Parameter Value Alpha B Beta Units ng/ml hr-1 ng/ml hr-1 CO ng/ml H.C AUC ng x hr/ml Vc Vbeta Vss C L/hr TK (alpha) hr TX (beta) days 5+ F3 F4 F5 0+ F6 F7 % 6 95 14 #3 29 & t F8 F9 FW EWarrow_forwardLinuron, a derivative of urea, is used as an herbicide. Linuron serum levels were measured in 4Kg rabbits following a bolus IV injection of 10mg/kg. Time (minutes) Serum Linuron Levels (ug/ml) following IV dose 10 15.48 20 8.60 30 5.90 45 3.78 60 2.42 90 1.49 120 0.93 180 0.60 240 0.41 300 0.29 360 0.22 Analyze this data and perform the necessary calculations to determine the following pharmacokinetic parameters from the IV data: (5 points per parameter, 24 parameters/variables ■ 120 points possible). You do NOT need to submit graphs or data tables. Give the terminal regression line equation and R or R² value: Give the x axis (name and units, if any) of the terminal line: Give the y axis (name and units, if any) of the terminal line: Give the residual regression line equation and R or R² value: Give the x axis (name and units, if any) of the residual line: Give the y axis (name and units, if any) of the residual line:arrow_forward3. In the tomato, red fruit (O+) is dominant over orange fruit (0), and yellow flowers (W+) are dominant over white flowers (w). A cross was made between true-breeding plants with red fruit and yellow flowers, and plants with orange fruit and white flowers. The F₁ plants were then crossed to plants with orange fruit and white flowers, which produced the following results: a. b. 333 red fruit, yellow flowers 64 red fruit, white flowers 58 orange fruit, yellow flowers 350 orange fruit, white flowers Conduct a chi-square analysis to demonstrate that these two genes DO NOT assort independently. Make sure to interpret the P value obtained from your chi-square test. Calculate and provide the map distance (in map units) between the two genes.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Bacterial Genomics and Metagenomics; Author: Quadram Institute;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6IdVTAFXoU;License: Standard youtube license