Chapter 3.3, Problem 4RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Symbol and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in given atom needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: A notation to describe a substance that uses an atomic symbol and a numerical subscript to indicate the relative numbers of atoms (different elements in the substance) is defined as a chemical formula.

Answer to Problem 4RQ

The symbol is $Cu$ .

The number of Protons in Cu is $29$ .

The number of Electrons in Cu is $29$ .

The number of Neutrons in Cu is $34$ .

Explanation of Solution

Chemical formula is a short hand way to use chemical symbol as well as numbers to represent a substance. The symbol of copper is Cu.

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons are equals to the atomic number. Atomic number of Cu is $29$ . So, the number of Protons in Cu is $29$ .

Electron are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron are equals to number of protons. the number of Protons in Cu is $29$ . So, the number of Electrons in Cu is $29$ .

Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral. Formula to solve number of neutrons:

Mass number $=$ Number of Protons $+$ Number of Neutrons

According to this, the element symbol is $Cu$ , whereNumber of Protons is $29$ and Mass of Cu is $63$ .

In this, Number of Neutrons $=$ Mass number $-$ Number of Protons

  $=63-29=34$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Symbol and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in given atom needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: A notation to describe a substance that uses an atomic symbol and a numerical subscript to indicate the relative numbers of atoms (different elements in the substance) is defined as a chemical formula.

Answer to Problem 4RQ

The symbol is $Ca$ .

The number of Protons in Ca is $20$ .

The number of Electrons in Ca is $20$ .

The number of Neutrons in Ca is $20$ .

Explanation of Solution

Chemical formula is a short hand way to use chemical symbol as well as numbers to represent a substance. The symbol of Calcium is Ca.

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons are equals to the atomic number. Atomic number of Ca is $20$ . So, the number of Protons in Ca is $20$ .

Electron are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron are equals to number of protons. the number of Protons in Ca is $20$ . So, the number of Electrons in Ca is $20$ .

Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral. Formula to solve number of neutrons:

Mass number $=$ Number of Protons $+$ Number of Neutrons

According to this, the element symbol is $Ca$ , whereNumber of Protons is $20$ and Mass of Ca is $40$ .

In this, Number of Neutrons $=$ Mass number $-$ Number of Protons

  $=40-20=20$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Symbol and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in given atom needs to be determined.

Concept introduction: A notation to describe a substance that uses an atomic symbol and a numerical subscript to indicate the relative numbers of atoms (different elements in the substance) is defined as a chemical formula.

Answer to Problem 4RQ

The symbol is $Mg$ .

The number of Protons in Mg is $12$ .

The number of Electrons in Mg is $12$ .

The number of Neutrons in Mg is $12$ .

Explanation of Solution

Chemical formula is a short hand way to use chemical symbol as well as numbers to represent a substance. The symbol of Magnesium is Mg.

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons are equals to the atomic number. Atomic number of Mg is $12$ . So, the number of Protons in Mg is $12$ .

Electron are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron are equals to number of protons. the number of Protons in Mg is $12$ . So, the number of Electrons in Mg is $12$ .

Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral. Formula to solve number of neutrons:

Mass number $=$ Number of Protons $+$ Number of Neutrons

According to this, the element symbol is $Mg$ , whereNumber of Protons is $12$ and Mass of Mg is $24$ .

In this, Number of Neutrons $=$ Mass number $-$ Number of Protons

  $=24-12=12$