Chapter 3, Problem 47A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in ion and neutral form needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons is equal to the atomic number. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron is equal to number of protons. Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral.

For the element - Atomic number = Number of protons

Answer to Problem 47A

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Ca}$ = $\text{20}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{Ca}$ = $\text{20}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{+2}}$ = $\text{20}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{+2}}$ = $\text{18}$ .

Explanation of Solution

Ion is a charged molecule or atom. It is charged when the number of electrons isn’t equal with the number of protons in the atom or molecule. A cation is an ion with a positive charge and anion is an ion with a negative charge.

According to the question,

  $\text{Ca}\to {\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+2e}}^{\text{-}}$

$\text{Ca}$ is the neutral atom and ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ is the ionic form:

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Ca}$ = $\text{20}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{Ca}$ = $\text{20}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{+2}}$ = $\text{20}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{+2}}$ = $\text{18}$ .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in ion and neutral form needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons is equal to the atomic number. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron is equal to number of protons. Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral.

For the element - Atomic number = Number of protons

Answer to Problem 47A

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{P}$ = $\text{15}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{P}$ = $\text{15}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{P}}^{\text{-1}}$ = $\text{15}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{P}}^{\text{-1}}$ = $\text{16}$ .

Explanation of Solution

Ion is a charged molecule or atom. It is charged when the number of electrons isn’t equal with the number of protons in the atom or molecule. A cation is an ion with a positive charge and anion is an ion with a negative charge.

According to the question,

  ${\text{P+3e}}^{\text{-}}\to {\text{P}}^{\text{1-}}$

P is the neutral atom and is ${\text{P}}^{\text{-1}}$ the ionic form:

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{P}$ = $\text{15}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{P}$ = $\text{15}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{P}}^{\text{-1}}$ = $\text{15}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{P}}^{\text{-1}}$ = $\text{16}$ .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in ion and neutral form needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons is equal to the atomic number. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron is equal to number of protons. Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral.

For the element - Atomic number = Number of protons

Answer to Problem 47A

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Br}$ = $\text{35}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{Br}$ = $\text{35}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}$ = $\text{35}$

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}$ = $\text{36}$

Explanation of Solution

Ion is a charged molecule or atom. It is charged when the number of electrons isn’t equal with the number of protons in the atom or molecule. A cation is an ion with a positive charge and anion is an ion with a negative charge.

According to the question,

  ${\text{Br+e}}^{\text{-}}\to {\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}$

Br is the neutral atom and is ${\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}$ the ionic form.

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Br}$ = $\text{35}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{Br}$ = $\text{35}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}$ = $\text{35}$

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}$ = $\text{36}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in ion and neutral form needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons is equal to the atomic number. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron is equal to number of protons. Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral.

For the element - Atomic number = Number of protons

Answer to Problem 47A

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Fe}$ = $\text{26}$ ,

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{Fe}$ = $\text{26}$ ,

Number of protons in ionic atom ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{26}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic atom ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{23}$ .

Explanation of Solution

Ion is a charged molecule or atom. It is charged when the number of electrons isn’t equal with the number of protons in the atom or molecule. A cation is an ion with a positive charge and anion is an ion with a negative charge.

According to the question,

  $\text{Fe}\to {\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}{\text{+3e}}^{\text{-}}$

Fe is the neutral atom and is ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$ the ionic form:

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Fe}$ = $\text{26}$ ,

Number of electrons inneutral atom $\text{Fe}$ = $\text{26}$ ,

Number of protons in ionic atom ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{26}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic atom ${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{23}$ .

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in ion and neutral form needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons is equal to the atomic number. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron is equal to number of protons. Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral.

For the element - Atomic number = Number of protons

Answer to Problem 47A

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Al}$ = $\text{13}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{Al}$ = $\text{13}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{13}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{10}$ .

Explanation of Solution

Ion is a charged molecule or atom. It is charged when the number of electrons isn’t equal with the number of protons in the atom or molecule. A cation is an ion with a positive charge and anion is an ion with a negative charge.

According to the question,

  $\text{Al}\to {\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}{\text{+3e}}^{\text{-}}$

Al is the neutral atom and is ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ the ionic form:

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{Al}$ = $\text{13}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{Al}$ = $\text{13}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{13}$ .

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ = $\text{10}$ .

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and electrons in ion and neutral form needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Protons are defined as a positively charged $\left(+ve\right)$ sub-atomic particles/ units found in the nucleus of an atom. Number of Protons is equal to the atomic number. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom. Number of Electron is equal to number of protons. Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom which are neutral.

For the element - Atomic number = Number of protons

Answer to Problem 47A

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{N}$ = $\text{7}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{N}$ = $\text{7}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ = $\text{7}$

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ = $\text{10}$

Explanation of Solution

Ion is a charged molecule or atom. It is charged when the number of electrons isn’t equal with the number of protons in the atom or molecule. A cation is an ion with a positive charge and anion is an ion with a negative charge.

According to the question,

  ${\text{N+3e}}^{\text{-}}\to {\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$

N is the neutral atom and is ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ the ionic form:

Number of protons in neutral atom $\text{N}$ = $\text{7}$

Number of electrons in neutral atom $\text{N}$ = $\text{7}$

Number of protons in ionic form ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ = $\text{7}$

Number of electrons in ionic form ${\text{N}}^{\text{3-}}$ = $\text{10}$