Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation: Work of Rutherford needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Rutherford’s model of atom concluded that the atom is mostly empty space. However, the atom contains a nucleus where the mass and positive charge of the atom are concentrated.
(a)
Answer to Problem 10STP
Rutherford could not explain the results of his gold foil experiment, specifically alpha particles deflecting off the gold foil.
Explanation of Solution
Rutherford theorized that almost all mass of an atom & all of its positive charge are crammed into very small region of space at center of an atom. Rutherford’s new model of the atom fits the experimental data. In Rutherford's experiment, alpha particles are allowed to pass through a thin sheet of gold. This experiment was basically to know whether an atom has small dense nucleus with electrons revolving around it.
(b)
Interpretation: Result of Rutherford’s experiment needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Rutherford’s model of atom concluded that the atom is mostly empty space. However, the atom contains a nucleus where the mass and positive charge of the atom are concentrated.
(b)
Answer to Problem 10STP
Gold foil experiment of Rutherford showed that the atom has mostly empty space with a tiny, dense and positively-charged nucleus.
Explanation of Solution
Rutherford theorized that almost all mass of an atom & all of its positive charge are crammed into very small region of space at center of an atom. Rutherford’s new model of the atom fits the experimental data. In Rutherford's experiment, alpha particles are allowed to pass through a thin sheet of gold. This experiment was basically to know whether an atom has small dense nucleus with electrons revolving around it. The result of this experiment showed that atom contains mostly empty space/ area with scattered electrons.
(c)
Interpretation: Conclusion of Rutherford’s experiment needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Rutherford’s model of atom concluded that the atom is mostly empty space. However, the atom contains a nucleus where the mass and positive charge of the atom are concentrated.
(c)
Answer to Problem 10STP
Rutherford concluded that there must be a dense, positive center to the atom, which he called the nucleus.
Explanation of Solution
Rutherford theorized that almost all mass of an atom & all of its positive charge are crammed into very small region of space at center of an atom. Rutherford’s new model of the atom fits the experimental data. In Rutherford's experiment, alpha particles are allowed to pass through a thin sheet of gold. This experiment was basically to know whether an atom has small dense nucleus with electrons revolving around it. The result of this experiment showed that atom contains mostly empty space with scattered electrons. Based on scattering of alpha particles, Rutherford determined that atom might have positive charge at center which contains most of its mass.
Chapter 3 Solutions
World of Chemistry
- For this question, if the product is racemic, input both enantiomers in the same Marvin editor. A) Input the number that corresponds to the reagent which when added to (E)-but-2-ene will result in a racemic product. Input 1 for Cl, in the cold and dark Input 2 for Oy followed by H₂O, Zn Input 3 for D₂ with metal catalyst Input 4 for H₂ with metal catalyst B) Draw the skeletal structure of the major organic product made from the reagent in part A Marvin JS Help Edit drawing C) Draw the skeletal structure of the major organic product formed when (2)-but-2-ene is treated with peroxyacetic acid. Marvin 35 Helparrow_forwardMichael Reactions 19.52 Draw the products from the following Michael addition reactions. 1. H&C CH (a) i 2. H₂O* (b) OEt (c) EtO H₂NEt (d) ΕΙΟ + 1. NaOEt 2. H₂O' H H 1. NaOEt 2. H₂O*arrow_forwardRank the labeled protons (Ha-Hd) in order of increasing acidity, starting with the least acidic. НОН НЬ OHd Онсarrow_forward
- Can the target compound at right be efficiently synthesized in good yield from the unsubstituted benzene at left? ? starting material target If so, draw a synthesis below. If no synthesis using reagents ALEKS recognizes is possible, check the box under the drawing area. Be sure you follow the standard ALEKS rules for submitting syntheses. + More... Note for advanced students: you may assume that you are using a large excess of benzene as your starting material. C :0 T Add/Remove step Garrow_forwardThe following equations represent the formation of compound MX. What is the AH for the electron affinity of X (g)? X₂ (g) → 2X (g) M (s) → M (g) M (g) M (g) + e- AH = 60 kJ/mol AH = 22 kJ/mol X (g) + e-X (g) M* (g) +X (g) → MX (s) AH = 118 kJ/mol AH = ? AH = -190 kJ/mol AH = -100 kJ/mol a) -80 kJ b) -30 kJ c) -20 kJ d) 20 kJ e) 156 kJarrow_forwardA covalent bond is the result of the a) b) c) d) e) overlap of two half-filled s orbitals overlap of a half-filled s orbital and a half-filled p orbital overlap of two half-filled p orbitals along their axes parallel overlap of two half-filled parallel p orbitals all of the abovearrow_forward
- Can the target compound at right be efficiently synthesized in good yield from the unsubstituted benzene at left? starting material target If so, draw a synthesis below. If no synthesis using reagents ALEKS recognizes is possible, check the box under the drawing area. Be sure you follow the standard ALEKS rules for submitting syntheses. + More... Note for advanced students: you may assume that you are using a large excess of benzene as your starting material. C T Add/Remove step X ноarrow_forwardWhich one of the following atoms should have the largest electron affinity? a) b) c) d) 으으 e) 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s¹ 1s² 2s² 2p5 1s² 2s² 2p 3s² 3p² 1s² 2s 2p 3s² 3p6 4s2 3ds 1s² 2s² 2p6arrow_forwardAll of the following are allowed energy levels except _. a) 3f b) 1s c) 3d d) 5p e) 6sarrow_forward
- A student wants to make the following product in good yield from a single transformation step, starting from benzene. Add any organic reagents the student is missing on the left-hand side of the arrow, and any addition reagents that are necessary above or below the arrow. If this product can't be made in good yield with a single transformation step, check the box below the drawing area. Note for advanced students: you may assume that an excess of benzene is used as part of the reaction conditions. : ☐ + I X This product can't be made in a single transformation step.arrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction:arrow_forwardCalculate the density of 21.12 g of an object that displaces 0.0250 L of water.arrow_forward
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