Chapter 3.5, Problem 3RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relationships between the group number on the periodic table and the types of ions formed have to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Ions are formed by gaining or releasing the electron to or from the valence shell of a neutral atom.Metals have a tendency to lose electrons from the valence shell and always form cations while nonmetals have a tendency to gain electrons from the valence shell and form anions.

Explanation of Solution

The charge of the element can be predicted by knowing the group number, again from the position of an element in the group one can predict whether the element is metal or non-metal and determines whether it will form cation or anion.Metals have a tendency to lose electrons from the valence shell and always form cations while nonmetals have a tendency to gain electrons from the valence shell and form anions.

Alkali metal in group 1 loses one electron and forms a cation with a 1+ charge.

Alkaline earth metal in group 2 loses two electron and forms a cation with a 2+ charge.

Non-metals in group 7 gain one electron to form 1- ions.

Nonmetals in group 6 gain two electrons to form 2- ions.