Chapter 3, Problem 46A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following table needs to be completed.

Cation	Protons in ion	Electrons in ion	Formula with ${\text{O}}^{\text{-2}}$
${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}$
${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}$
${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$

Concept Introduction :

Ionic compounds-Compounds that consist of the ionic form of elements are known as ionic compounds. Atoms that gain or lose electrons are converted into ions, ions may carry a negative charge or positive charge.

Answer to Problem 46A

Cation	Protons in ion	Electrons in ion	Formula with ${\text{O}}^{\text{-2}}$
${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}$	$\text{19}$	$\text{18}$	${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$
${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}$	$\text{27}$	$\text{25}$	$\text{CoO}$
${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$	$\text{13}$	$\text{10}$	${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}$

Explanation of Solution

Ions − it is a charge form of an element, the $\text{(+)}$ sign denotes that one electron is lost by the element, and the $\text{(-)}$ sign denotes that one electron is gain by the element.

The number of protons is not equal to the electrons in an ionic form of the electron. The numbers of electrons can be changed with the loss or gain of the electrons.

Cation	Protons in ion	Electrons in ion	Formula with ${\text{O}}^{\text{-2}}$
${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}$	$\text{19}$	$\text{18}$	${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$
${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}$	$\text{27}$	$\text{25}$	$\text{CoO}$
${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}$	$\text{13}$	$\text{10}$	${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}$

  ${\text{K}}^{\text{+}}$ Represents the ionic form of potassium where $\text{(+)}$ charge explains that $\text{1}$ electron is lost by the potassium, so the electron number decreases and protons remain unchanged and it combined with ${\text{O}}^{\text{-2}}$ to form an ionic compound as ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

  ${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}$ represents the ionic form of cobalt where $\text{(+)}$ charge explains that $\text{2}$ electrons are lost by the cobalt, so the electron number decreases and protons remain unchanged and it combined with ${\text{O}}^{\text{-2}}$ to form an ionic compound as $\text{CoO}$ ,${\text{Al}}^{\text{+3}}$ represents the ionic form of aluminum where $\text{(+)}$ charge explains that $\text{3}$ electrons are lost by the aluminum, so the electron number decreases and protons remain unchanged and it combined with ${\text{O}}^{\text{-2}}$ to form an ionic compound as ${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following table needs to be completed.

Anion	Protons in ion	Electrons in ion	Formula with ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$
${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$
${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$
${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$

Concept Introduction :

Ionic compounds-Compounds that consist of the ionic form of elements are known as ionic compounds. Atoms that gain or lose electrons are converted into ions, ions may carry a negative charge or positive charge.

Answer to Problem 46A

Anion	Protons in ion	Electrons in ion	Formula with ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$
${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$	$\text{17}$	$\text{18}$	${\text{CaCl}}_2$
${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$	$16$	$18$	$\text{CaS}$
${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$	$\text{15}$	$\text{18}$	${\text{Ca}}_{\text{3}}{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}$

Explanation of Solution

Ions − it is a charged form of an element, the $\text{(+)}$ sign denotes that one electron is lost by the element, and the $\text{(-)}$ sign denotes that one electron is gained by the element.

The number of protons is not equal to the electrons in an ionic form of the electron. The number of electrons can be changed with the loss or gain of the electrons.

Anion	Protons in ion	Electrons in ion	Formula with ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$
${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$	$\text{17}$	$\text{18}$	${\text{CaCl}}_2$
${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$	$16$	$18$	$\text{CaS}$
${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$	$\text{15}$	$\text{18}$	${\text{Ca}}_{\text{3}}{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}$

  ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$ represents the ionic form of chlorine where $\text{(-)}$ charge explains that $\text{1}$ electron is gained by the chlorine, so the electron number increases and protons remain unchanged and it combined with ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ to form an ionic compound as ${\text{CaCl}}_2$

  ${\text{S}}^{\text{2-}}$ represents the ionic form of sulfur where $\text{(-)}$ charge explains that $\text{2}$ electrons are gained by the sulfur, so the electron number increases and protons remain unchanged and it combined with ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ to form an ionic compound as $\text{CaS}$

  ${\text{P}}^{\text{3-}}$ represents the ionic form of phosphorus where $\text{(-)}$ charge explains that $\text{3}$ electrons are gained by the phosphorus, so the electron number increases and protons remain unchanged and it combined with ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}$ to form an ionic compound as ${\text{Ca}}_{\text{3}}{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}$.