Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 7QP
Crossing Pea Plants: Mendel’s Study of Single Traits
Wet ear wax (W) is dominant over dry ear wax (w).
- a. A 3 : 1
phenotypic ratio of F1 progeny indicates that the parents are of what genotype? - b. A 1 : 1 phenotypic ratio of F1 progeny indicates that the parents are of what genotype?
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a. State a hypothesis explaining the inheritance
of flower color in painted tongues.
b. Assign genotypes to the parents, F₁ progeny,
and F2 progeny for all five crosses.
c. In a cross between true-breeding yellow and
true-breeding lavender plants, all of the F1
progeny are bronze. If you used F₁ plants to
produce and F2 generation, what phenotypes in
what ratios would you expect? Are there any
genotypes that might produce a phenotype
that you cannot predict from earlier
experiments, and if so, how might this alter the
phenotypic ratios among the F2 progeny?
Solve this problem using the rules of probability instead of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, or mental visualization.
Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traits that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as follows:
• Axial inflorescence (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal (flowers on top of the stem).
Long (“tall") stem is dominant over short stem (“dwarf").
• Round seed is dominant over wrinkled.
Let's use the symbols Fa/fa for genes determining axial vs. terminal (fa from "false umbel," a type of inflorescence); Le/le for tall vs. dwarf (le is for length); R/r for round vs. wrinkled seeds (the Latin word
rugosus means wrinkled).
Notice that the phenotype "tall plant" may be conferred by the genotype Lele or Lele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, where the dash represents the alternative allele. The homozygous lele will show the
recessive phenotype. Since…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- . Considering the yellow and green pea color phenotypes studied by Gregor Mendel:a. What is the biochemical function of the proteinthat is specified by the gene responsible for thepea color phenotype?b. A null allele of a gene is an allele that does notspecify any of the biochemical function that thegene normally provides. Of the two alleles Y and y,which is more likely to be a null allele?c. In terms of the underlying biochemistry, why is theY allele dominant to the y allele?d. Why are peas that are yy homozygotes green?e. The amount of the protein specified by a gene isroughly proportional to the number of functionalcopies of the gene carried by a cell or individual.What do the phenotypes of YY homozygotes, Yyheterozygotes, and yy homozygotes tell us aboutthe amount of the Sgr enzyme (the product of thepea color gene) needed to produce a yellow color?arrow_forwardpicture shows the results of a cross between a tall pea plant and a short pea plant. Q. What phenotypes and proportions will be produced if a tall F1 plant is backcrossed to the short parent?arrow_forwardpicture shows the results of a cross between a tall pea plant and a short pea plant. Q. What phenotypes and proportions will be produced if a tall F1 plant is backcrossed to the tall parent?arrow_forward
- Chi-square Test In the pea plants use by Gregor Mendel in his study, the purple flower color is dominant over white,and the axial position on a branch is dominant over terminal. A plant believed to be heterozygouswas selfed and produced flowers with the following phenotypes: 23 white terminal68 white axial81 purple terminal187 purple axial a. assign alleles to the different traitspurple __________ axial ___________white ___________ terminal _______ b. refer to the image attachedarrow_forwardOn pea plants, the location of flower growth is an inheritable trait. Axial flower position (A) is dominant over the recessive trait of terminal flower position (a). In the parental generation, a homozygous dominant axial flower position pea plant is crossed with a terminal flower position pea plant. 1. Draw a Punnett square of the F1 offspring producing the F2 offspring. 2. In the F2 generation, what is the probability one plant will have a terminal flower position? 3. In the F2 generation, what is the probability two plants will have axial flower positions? Show all work.arrow_forwardplease helparrow_forward
- Mendel performs a cross using a true-breeding pea plant with round, yellow seeds and a true- breeding pea plant with green, wrinkled seeds. What is the probability that offspring will have green, round seeds? Calculate the probability for the F1 and F2 generations.arrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Two traits are examined simultaneously in a cross of two pure-breeding pea-plant varieties. Pod shape can be either swollen or pinched. Pea color can be either green or yellow. A plant with the traits swollen and green is crossed with a plant with the traits pinched and yellow, and a resulting F1 plant is self-crossed. A total of 640 F2 progeny are phenotypically categorized as follows: 360 swollen yellow 120 swollen green 120 pinched yellow 40 pinched green a. What is the phenotypic ratio observed for pod shape? Pea color? b. What is the phenotypic ratio observed for both traits considered together? c. What is the dominance relationship for pod shape? Pea color? d. Deduce the genotypes of the P1 and F1 generations.arrow_forwardMore Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Determine the possible genotypes of the following parents by analyzing the phenotypes of their children. In this case, we will assume that brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue (b) and that right-handedness (R) is dominant to left-handedness (r). a. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed brown eyes, right-handed Offspring: 3/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed b. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, right-handed Offspring: 6/16 blue eyes, right-handed 2/16 blue eyes, left-handed 6/16 brown eyes, right-handed 2/16 brown eyes, left-handed c. Parents: brown eyes, right-handed blue eyes, left-handed Offspring: 1/4 brown eyes, right-handed 1/4 brown eyes, left-handed 1/4 blue eyes, right-handed 1/4 blue eyes, left-handedarrow_forward
- Consider a cross to investigate the pea pod texture trait, involving constricted or inflated pods. Mendel found that the traits behave according to a dominant/ recessive pattern in which inflated pods were dominant. If you performed this cross and obtained 650 inflated-pod plants in the F2 generation, approximately how many constricted-pod plants would you expect to have? 600 165 217 468arrow_forwardChoose one plsarrow_forwardOn pea plants, the location of flower growth is an inheritable trait. Axial flower position (A) is dominant over the recessive trait of terminal flower position (a). In the parental generation, a homozygous dominant axial flower position pea plant is crossed with a terminal flower position pea plant. 1. Draw a digital Punnett square of the F1 offspring producing the F2 offspring. 2. In the F2 generation, what is the probability one plant will have a terminal flower position? 3. In the F2 generation, what is the probability two plants will have axial flower positions? Show all work digitally.arrow_forward
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