Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 31QP
Summary Introduction
To predict: The mode of inheritance of flower color in the given plant species.
Introduction: Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk, who worked on the pea plant to observe the pattern of inheritance of certain characters from the parent plant to the offsprings. He termed genes as factors that are passed from one generation to another. He proposed three laws, which came to be known as Mendel’s law of genetics.
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A plant geneticist is examining the mode of inheritance of flower color in two closely related species of exotic plants. The first species may have two pure-breeding lines—one produces a distinct red flower; and the other produces flowers with no color at all, or very pale yellow flowers. However, she cannot be sure. A cross of these varieties produces all pink-flowered progeny. The second species exhibits similar pure-breeding varieties; that is, one variety produces red flowers; and the other produces an albino or very pale yellow flower. A cross of these two varieties, however, produces orange-flowered progeny exclusively.
Analyze the mode of inheritance of flower color in these two plant species.
Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? b. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene?
Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? i. First, consider just one heterozygous gene in the F1 hybrid. What is the probability that an individual of the F2 generation would be heterozygous for that gene? ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iv. What is the…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall Potsdam Guards. a. Why were the results he obtained so different from those obtained by Mendel with short and tall pea plants? b. Why were most of the children shorter than their tall parents?arrow_forwardThe following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?arrow_forwardFigure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?arrow_forward
- Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross-pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. i. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? ii. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene? [Broad hint: if they’re not heterozygous, they’re homozygous!] please answer and explain properlyarrow_forwardMendel found that three traits in peas—height, flower color, and pod shape—are determined by different genes, and that these genes assort independently. Suppose that true-bred tall plants with violet flowers and inflated pods are crossed to true-bred dwarf plants with white flower and constricted pods. All the plants in the F1 generation are tall, with violet flowers and inflated pods. If these F1 plants are self-fertilized, what fraction of their offspring are expected to … a.)show all three dominant phenotypes? b.)be tall with white flowers and constricted pods?arrow_forwardCan you please help find how many black leaves there are?arrow_forward
- Discuss why Mendel's hybrid offspring begin to exhibit the original traits expressed by the P1 generation or the pure-breeding parents used in the original cross. What would happen if the hybrid offspring were allowed to breed without interference from Mendel for an extended period of time and the different ways plants can breed.arrow_forwardMendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. b. What if a breeder were working with 7 different, independently segregating genes, as Mendel did? How many generations would it take him to have pure-breeding varieties, starting from an F1 hybrid that is heterozygous for all 7 genes? i. What is the probability that an individual in the F2 generation would be pure-breeding (i.e. is homozygous at all 7 loci)? ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be pure-breeding? iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10…arrow_forwardGregor Mendel examined the inheritance of two traits in pea plants: seed coat texture and colour. Seed coat texture can be represented as S-smooth and s-wrinkled, and seed coat colour can be represented as Y-yellow and y-green. SSYY plants were crossed with ssyy plants to yield F1 pea seeds that were all smooth and all yellow. By crossing plants grown from these F1 seeds, Mendel obtained four different phenotypes of F2 seeds: • smooth and green seeds wrinkled and green seeds smooth and yellow seeds wrinkled and yellow seeds ● Use the following information to answer the next question. ● The F2 phenotypic ratio that Mendel obtained upon crossing two heterozygous smooth and yellow F1 individuals would have been: smooth and green wrinkled and green : smooth and yellow: wrinkled and yellow Record only the numeric values associated with the phenotypes. (Do not include the colons, spaces, commas, etc.)arrow_forward
- The trait for medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PP'. Plants with large leaves are PP, whereas plants with small leaves are P'P'. The trait for red flowers is controlled by the genes RR, pink by RR', and white by R'R'. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves and pink flowers. If they produce 640 seedlings, what would be the expected phenotypes, and in what numbers would they be expected?arrow_forwardThe trait for medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PP'. Plants with large leaves are PP, whereas plants with small leaves are P'P'. The trait for red flowers is controlled by the genes RR, pink by RR', and white by R'R'. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves and pink flowers. If they produce 640 seedlings, what would be the expected phenotypes, and in what numbers would they be expected? View keyboard shortcuts EditViewInsertFormatToolsTable 12pt Paragrapharrow_forwardIn general terms, genes found on the same chromosome are linked, and will appear to defy Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment. This law states that alleles (Links to an external site.) for different traits (Links to an external site.) are transmitted (Links to an external site.) to offspring (Links to an external site.) independently of one another. Functionally, this means that in a dihybrid testcross, in which a heterozygote is crossed to a double homozygous recessive individual, the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio will not be obtained. Instead, lower than expected numbers of non-parentals will result, because these non-parental flies are the result of recombination during synapsis. Interestingly, and functionally important in this exercise, synapsis only occurs in female fruit flies, requiring that the heterozygote in any study of linkage must be the female. Determining the relative positions of linked genes on a chromosome can be accomplished by calculating the frequency of…arrow_forward
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