Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 31QP
Summary Introduction
To predict: The mode of inheritance of flower color in the given plant species.
Introduction: Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk, who worked on the pea plant to observe the pattern of inheritance of certain characters from the parent plant to the offsprings. He termed genes as factors that are passed from one generation to another. He proposed three laws, which came to be known as Mendel’s law of genetics.
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A plant geneticist is examining the mode of inheritance of flower color in two closely related species of exotic plants. The first species may have two pure-breeding lines—one produces a distinct red flower; and the other produces flowers with no color at all, or very pale yellow flowers. However, she cannot be sure. A cross of these varieties produces all pink-flowered progeny. The second species exhibits similar pure-breeding varieties; that is, one variety produces red flowers; and the other produces an albino or very pale yellow flower. A cross of these two varieties, however, produces orange-flowered progeny exclusively.
Analyze the mode of inheritance of flower color in these two plant species.
Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? b. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene?
Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? i. First, consider just one heterozygous gene in the F1 hybrid. What is the probability that an individual of the F2 generation would be heterozygous for that gene? ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be heterozygous for this gene? iv. What is the…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall Potsdam Guards. a. Why were the results he obtained so different from those obtained by Mendel with short and tall pea plants? b. Why were most of the children shorter than their tall parents?arrow_forwardThe following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?arrow_forwardFigure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?arrow_forward
- Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross-pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. i. How many generations would it take for a breeder to have produced new pure-breeding varieties using this approach? ii. What is the probability that an individual in each of these generations (F2, F3, and F10) would be homozygous for one or the other allele of this gene? [Broad hint: if they’re not heterozygous, they’re homozygous!] please answer and explain properlyarrow_forwardMendel found that three traits in peas—height, flower color, and pod shape—are determined by different genes, and that these genes assort independently. Suppose that true-bred tall plants with violet flowers and inflated pods are crossed to true-bred dwarf plants with white flower and constricted pods. All the plants in the F1 generation are tall, with violet flowers and inflated pods. If these F1 plants are self-fertilized, what fraction of their offspring are expected to … a.)show all three dominant phenotypes? b.)be tall with white flowers and constricted pods?arrow_forwardMendel crossed peas having round seeds and yellow cotyledons (seed leaves) with peas having wrinkled seeds and green cotyledons. All the F1 plants had round seeds with yellow cotyledons. Diagram this cross through the F2 generation, using both the Punnett square and forked-line, or branch diagram, methods.arrow_forward
- Can you please help find how many black leaves there are?arrow_forwardMendel examined two distinct flower phenotypes in his pea plants. Flower color and flower position. The violet color (W) is dominant over the white color (w), and the axial position (T) is dominant over terminal (t). Predict the F1 ratios of these phenotypes from a parent heterozygous for both traits and the other parent homozygous recessive for both traits. Show your work. Flower color Flower position violet/white axial/terminalarrow_forwardRound seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds in pea plants. Mendel crossed a purebred recessive plant with a hybrid. What are the phenotypic percentages for the expected offspring?arrow_forward
- Mendel crossed peas having round seeds and yellow cotyledons with peas having wrinkled seeds and green cotyledons. All the F1 plants had round seeds with yellow cotyledons. Diagram this cross through the F2 generation, using both the Punnett square and forked-line methods.arrow_forwardshows the results of a cross between a tall pea plant and a short pea plant. a. What phenotypes and proportions will be produced if a tall F1 plant is backcrossed to the short parent? b. What phenotypes and proportions will be produced if a tall F1 plant is backcrossed to the tall parent?arrow_forwardDiscuss why Mendel's hybrid offspring begin to exhibit the original traits expressed by the P1 generation or the pure-breeding parents used in the original cross. What would happen if the hybrid offspring were allowed to breed without interference from Mendel for an extended period of time and the different ways plants can breed.arrow_forward
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