Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 4QP
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To define: The Mendel’s law of independent assortment.
Introduction: The
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Briefly describe Mendel’s rule of inheritance: segregation and independent assortment
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demonstrates why a pea plant can be tall with round seeds or short with round seeds
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demonstrates that offspring get one copy of each chromosome from each parent
demonstrates that the inheritance of one trait can affect the inheritance of another trait. even when they're on different chromosomes
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.4 - Why do scientists design experiments to disprove...Ch. 3.4 - Should Ockhams razor be considered an irrefutable...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 1EGCh. 3.7 - For most cases, a p value of 0.05 is used to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSCh. 3 - Prob. 3CSCh. 3 - Prob. 1QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 4QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6QPCh. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - Crossing Pea Plants: Mendels Study of Single...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17QPCh. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Meiosis Explains Mendels Results: Genes Are on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 26QPCh. 3 - Prob. 27QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel A characteristic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QPCh. 3 - Variations on a Theme by Mendel Pea plants usually...Ch. 3 - Prob. 31QPCh. 3 - Prob. 32QPCh. 3 - Prob. 33QPCh. 3 - Prob. 34QPCh. 3 - Prob. 35QPCh. 3 - Prob. 36QP
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- When Gregor Mendel was working in the mid 1800s, scientists had not yet discovered chromosomes or meiosis. However, we now understand how Mendel's principles are rooted in the events of meiosis. As an example of this, state Mendel's principle of independent assortment and explain how it relates to independent assortment in meiosis.arrow_forwardSolve this problem using the rules of probability instead of Punnet squares, bifurcation forks, or mental visualization. Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three of the traits that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as follows: • Axial inflorescence (flowers originate along the stems) is dominant over terminal (flowers on top of the stem). Long (“tall") stem is dominant over short stem (“dwarf"). • Round seed is dominant over wrinkled. Let's use the symbols Fa/fa for genes determining axial vs. terminal (fa from "false umbel," a type of inflorescence); Le/le for tall vs. dwarf (le is for length); R/r for round vs. wrinkled seeds (the Latin word rugosus means wrinkled). Notice that the phenotype "tall plant" may be conferred by the genotype Lele or Lele; this can be abbreviated as Le-, where the dash represents the alternative allele. The homozygous lele will show the recessive phenotype. Since…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about the molecular basis of Mendel's second law? OThe random attachment of the sister chromatids and the split of them into different daughter cells during the second round of cell division in Meiosis ensure Mendel's second law of independent assortment of alleles. OThe random attachment of the sister chromatids and the split of them into different daughter cells during the first round of cell division in Meiosis ensure Mendel's 2nd law. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of sister chromatids during the second round of cell division in Meiosis. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the second round of cell division in Meiosis. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first round of cell division in Meiosis.arrow_forward
- Mendelian Genetics F2 Cross: Yellow, Round x Green, Round GgWw x ggWW Character: Pea color & shape Use Punnett square and fork-line method to check the possible offspring. Show and interpret all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspringsarrow_forwardDescribe Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment.arrow_forwardMendel examined two distinct flower phenotypes in his pea plants. Flower color and flower position. The violet color (W) is dominant over the white color (w), and the axial position (T) is dominant over terminal (t). Predict the F1 ratios of these phenotypes from a parent heterozygous for both traits and the other parent homozygous recessive for both traits. Show your work. Flower color Flower position violet/white axial/terminalarrow_forward
- please state Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment and EXPLAINarrow_forwardMendel's Laws of Inheritance Menders Success Menders approach to the study of heredity was effective for several reasons. Foremost was his choice of experimental subject, the pea plant Pisum sativum. Monohybrid Crosses Mendel began by studying monohybrid crosses— those between parents that differed in a single characteristic. The principle of segregation (Mendel's first law) states that each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic. These two alleles segregate (separate) when gametes are formed, and one allele goes into each gamete. Furthermore, the two alleles segregate into gametes in equal proportions.The concept of dominance that, when two different alleles are present in a genotype, only the trait of the dominant allele is observed in the phenotype. Multiple-Loci Crosses Dihybrid Crosses In addition to his work on monohybrid crosses, Mendel also crossed varieties of peas that differed in two characteristics (dihybrid crosses).…arrow_forwardThe continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. Use the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment to explain how the passage of genes from parents to offspring (as alleles) ensures the perpetuation of parental traits in offspring and genetic variation among offspring. Describe briefly how Mendel demonstrated each of these laws.arrow_forward
- Mendel is growing flowers. Pure red flowers have a pair of R genes. Pure whiteflowers have a pair of w genes. Red is dominant to white.(a) Write the Punnett square with a pure red parent cross-fertilized with a pure white parent.(b) Write a second Punnett square of the offspring of the preceeding question cross-fertilizedwith a pure white flower.(c) What is the probability that a flower from the second fertilization is pure white? (Writethe probability as a fraction in reduced form.)arrow_forwardDraw out the guinea pig cross that Castle uses to illustrate Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment. Draw both the phenotypic states and the genotypic states of the F2.arrow_forwardIn general terms, genes found on the same chromosome are linked, and will appear to defy Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment. This law states that alleles (Links to an external site.) for different traits (Links to an external site.) are transmitted (Links to an external site.) to offspring (Links to an external site.) independently of one another. Functionally, this means that in a dihybrid testcross, in which a heterozygote is crossed to a double homozygous recessive individual, the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio will not be obtained. Instead, lower than expected numbers of non-parentals will result, because these non-parental flies are the result of recombination during synapsis. Interestingly, and functionally important in this exercise, synapsis only occurs in female fruit flies, requiring that the heterozygote in any study of linkage must be the female. Determining the relative positions of linked genes on a chromosome can be accomplished by calculating the frequency of…arrow_forward
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