Data Structures and Algorithms in Java
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781118771334
Author: Michael T. Goodrich
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 3, Problem 13R
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Difference between “shallow equality” and “deep equality” tests:
| Shallow equality test | Deep equality test |
| It compares the references for equality. That is, checking the memory address is same for both objects “a” and “b”. | It compares for objects equivalence. That is, checking two objects “a” and “b” are logically equal. |
| It compares by using the “==”. | It compares using the “equals()” method. |
For one-dimensional array:
| Shallow equality test for one-dimensional array | Deep equality test for one-dimensional array |
| It compares the immediate contents of two array objects to determine whether the two array values are equal. | It compares the contents of two array objects repeatedly until all primitive fields are equal. |
|
For example: int[] a = {1}; int[] b = {1}; for(int i = 0; i <a.length ; i++) { if(a[i] == b[i]) return true; } |
For example: int[] a = {1, 2, 3}; int[] b = {1, 2, 3}; if(Arrays.equals(a, b)) return true; |
|
Explanation: “==” helps to compare the immediate content of “a” and “b” array and then return true. |
Explanation: “equals()” method helps to compare the content of “a” and “b” array repeatedly to compare all primitive fields and then return true. |
For two-dimensional array:
| Shallow equality test for two-dimensional array | Deep equality test for two-dimensional array |
| It compares the immediate contents of two array objects to determine whether the two array values are equal... |
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Data Structures and Algorithms in Java
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