The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Concept introduction: Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism . The breakdown of glucose to CO 2 involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp 2 hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes , ketones , etc. and CO 2 Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 29.SE, Problem 22MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Concept introduction:

Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds

Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism.

The breakdown of glucose to CO₂ involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp² hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes, ketones, etc. and CO₂

Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 29.SE, Problem 22MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Concept introduction:

Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds

Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism.

The breakdown of glucose to CO₂ involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp² hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes, ketones, etc. and CO₂

Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 29.SE, Problem 22MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Concept introduction:

Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds

Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism.

The breakdown of glucose to CO₂ involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp² hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes, ketones, etc. and CO₂

Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 29.SE, Problem 22MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Concept introduction:

Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds

Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism.

The breakdown of glucose to CO₂ involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp² hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes, ketones, etc. and CO₂

Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

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Answer 5

Chapter 29.SE, Problem 22MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Concept introduction:

Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds

Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism.

The breakdown of glucose to CO₂ involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp² hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes, ketones, etc. and CO₂

Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

Answer 6

Chapter 29.SE, Problem 22MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Concept introduction:

Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds

Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism.

The breakdown of glucose to CO₂ involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp² hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes, ketones, etc. and CO₂

Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

Answer 7

Chapter 29.SE, Problem 22MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars (see Problem 29-21) is the conversion of ribose 5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Concept introduction:

Reactions that make and break C-C-Bonds

Reactions that make and break carbon-carbon bonds form the basis of both degradative and biosynthetic metabolism.

The breakdown of glucose to CO₂ involves give such cleavages where as its synthesis involves the reverse process such reactions, considered from the synthetic direction involve addition of a nucleophilic carbanion to an electrophilic carbon atom. The most common electrophilic carbon atoms in such reactions are the sp² hybridized carbonyl atoms of aldehydes, ketones, etc. and CO₂

Stabilized carbanions must be generated to add to these electrophilic centres. Three examples are the aldol condensation (catalyzed eg by aldolase) claisen ester condensation (citrate synthase) and the decarboxylation of β-keto acids. (isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatly acid synthase).

Answer 8

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Answer 11

Ch. 29.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 29.3 - Write the equations for the remaining passages of...Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 3P Ch. 29.4 - Write a mechanism for the dehydration reaction of...Ch. 29.4 - Evidence for the role of acetate in fatty-acid...Ch. 29.4 - Does the reduction of acetoacetyl ACP in step 6...Ch. 29.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 29.5 - Look at the entire glycolysis pathway, and make a...Ch. 29.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 29.7 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the pentose phosphate pathway for degrading sugars, which involves a carbon-carbon bond breaking reaction.

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