Concept explainers
To Calculate:
The domain of the function f(x)=−1x2−4 .
To Describe using Limits:
The behavior of f at the value(s) of x excluded from the domain of f .
The domain of f is ℝ−{−2,2} .
The function f approaches −∞ as x approaches −2 from the left and it approaches +∞ as x approaches −2 from the right.
The function f approaches ∞ as x approaches 2 from the left and it approaches −∞ as x approaches 2 from the right.
Given:
The function f(x)=−1x2−4 .
Concepts Used:
A function which is a fraction of two polynomials is a known as a rational function.
A rational function has a domain of ℝ except that the points at which the denominator is zero are excluded.
The left hand limit of a function f(x) at x=a is calculated as limx→a−f(x)=limh→0f(a−h) where h>0 .
The right hand limit of a function f(x) at x=a is calculated as limx→a+f(x)=limh→0f(a+h) where h>0 .
Calculations:
Find the domain of f .
The function f(x)=−1x2−4 is a fraction with the polynomial −1 as the numerator and the polynomial x2−4 as the denominator. Thus, it is a rational function.
Determine the values of x for which the denominator x2−4 becomes zero.
x2−4=0⇒(x−2)(x+2)=0⇒x=−2,2
The points x=−2,2 must be excluded from the default domain ℝ .
Thus, ℝ−{−2,2} is the domain of f
Describe the behavior of f at the point x=−2 .
Calculate the left hand limit of f at the point x=−2 :
limx→−2−−1x2−4=limx→−2−−1(x−2)(x+2)limx→−2−−1x2−4=limh→0−1(−2−h−2)(−2−h+2)limx→−2−−1x2−4=limh→0−1(−4−h)(−h)limx→−2−−1x2−4=limh→01−h(4+h)limx→−2−−1x2−4→−∞
Thus, the left hand limit of f at the point x=−2 approaches −∞ .
Calculate the right hand limit of f at the point x=−2 :
limx→−2+−1x2−4=limx→−2+−1(x−2)(x+2)limx→−2+−1x2−4=limh→0−1(−2+h−2)(−2+h+2)limx→−2+−1x2−4=limh→0−1(−4+h)(h)limx→−2+−1x2−4=limh→01h(4−h)limx→−2+−1x2−4→+∞
Thus, the right hand limit of f at the point x=−2 approaches +∞ .
Describe the behavior of f at the point x=2 .
Calculate the left hand limit of f at the point x=2 :
limx→2−−1x2−4=limx→2−−1(x−2)(x+2)limx→2−−1x2−4=limh→0−1(2−h−2)(2−h+2)limx→2−−1x2−4=limh→0−1(−h)(4−h)limx→2−−1x2−4=limh→01h(4−h)limx→2−−1x2−4→∞
Thus, the left hand limit of f at the point x=2 approaches ∞ .
Calculate the right hand limit of f at the point x=2 :
limx→2+−1x2−4=limx→2+−1(x−2)(x+2)limx→2+−1x2−4=limh→0−1(2+h−2)(2+h+2)limx→2+−1x2−4=limh→0−1(h)(4+h)limx→2+−1x2−4→−∞
Thus, the right hand limit of f at the point x=2 approaches −∞ .
Conclusion:
The domain of f is ℝ−{−2,2} .
The function f approaches −∞ as x approaches −2 from the left and it approaches +∞ as x approaches −2 from the right.
The function f approaches ∞ as x approaches 2 from the left and it approaches −∞ as x approaches 2 from the right.
Chapter 2 Solutions
PRECALCULUS:GRAPHICAL,...-NASTA ED.
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