Chapter 22, Problem 5PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The description of the conversion of D-glucose to a mixture of $\text{ethyl }\beta -\text{D}-\text{glucopyranoside}$ and $\alpha -\text{D}-\text{glucopyranoside}$ is to be represented, and further, all the steps of mechanism are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

舧 A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen-oxygen atom ratio of 2:1

舧 The pyranoses are a six-membered monosaccharide ring structure.

舧 Glycosides are carbohydrate acetals; they may be simple or complex. They are stable in a basic solution but produce sugar and alcohol in acidic solutions.