Interpretation:
The conversion of D-galactose to D-galacturonic acid is to be suggested, by carrying out specific oxidation.
Concept introduction:
舧 A carbohydrate is a
舧
舧 Carbohydrates are oxidized by
舧 Aldaric acids are carbohydrates having two carboxylic acids. They are formed due to oxidation reaction of aldoses with dilute
舧 The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.
舧 A pair of two mirror images that are nonidentical is known as enantiomers, which are optically active.
舧 The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.
舧 The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.
舧 Compounds that have a plane of symmetry tend to exist in meso forms. A meso form arises when the two stereoisomers produce superimposable images, and hence, compounds having meso forms are optically inactive.
舧 The reaction in which there is removal of water molecule is called dehydration reaction.
舧
舧 Monosaccharide carbohydrates that have their
舧 Based on the given information, direct oxidation of an aldose affects its aldehyde group first, converting it to a carboxylic acid. Most oxidizing agents that attack
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Organic Chemistry
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- Which aldoses are oxidized to optically inactive aldaric acids: (a) D-erythrose; (b) Dlyxose; (c) D-galactose?arrow_forwardDraw the organic products formed in the following reaction.arrow_forwardExcess ascorbic acid is excreted in the urine, the pH of which is normally in the range 4.8–8.4. What form of ascorbic acid would you expect to be present in urine of pH 8.4— free ascorbic acid or ascorbate anion? Explainarrow_forward
- draw the reaction pleasearrow_forwardThe cyclic hemiacetal is more stable than the open-chain form, so very little of the open-chain form is present atequilibrium. Will an aqueous solution of glucose reduce Tollens reagent and give a positive Tollens test? Explain.arrow_forwardd-Glucuronic acid is found widely in plants and animals. One of its functions is to detoxify poisonous HO-containing compounds by reacting with them in the liver to form glucuronides. Glucuronides are water soluble and, therefore, readily excreted. After ingestion of a poison such as turpentine or phenol, the glucuronides of these compounds are found in urine. Draw the structure of the glucuronide formed by the reaction of beta-d-glucuronic acid and phenol.arrow_forward
- There are four d-aldopentoses (Table 25.1). If each is reduced with NaBH4, which yield optically active alditols? Which yield optically inactive alditols?arrow_forward25.1a) Predict the product of the following reactions 1) - MgBr 2) H,0 b) -MgBr 2) Ноarrow_forward2. In the synthesis of peptides, carboxylic acids are condensed with amines in the present of a reagent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) [Section 25.6]. a. Propose a mechanism for the following, using curved arrow notation. H₂N. glycine OH H₂N 요. glycine OH DCC H₂N. N H gly-gly LOHarrow_forward
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