Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 21, Problem 21.53AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The molecule that reacts with acetyl-CoA in first step of citric acid cycle should be identified and it structure should be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2
Figure 1
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What substance acts as the starting point of the citric acid cycle, reacting with acetyl-CoA in the first step and being regenerated in the last step? Draw its structure.
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Two carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA. In what form are two carbon atoms removed from the cycle?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - In a cell, glucose can be oxidized via metabolic...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2KCPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.1CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.2CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.3CIAPCh. 21.1 - Prob. 21.4CIAPCh. 21.3 - Prob. 21.3PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.4PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5PCh. 21.4 - Prob. 21.5CIAP
Ch. 21.4 - How does a cell disarm each of the ROS in CIA...Ch. 21.5 - One of the steps in lipid metabolism is the...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.8CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.9CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.10CIAPCh. 21.5 - Prob. 21.8PCh. 21.6 - Prob. 21.9PCh. 21.6 - Prob. 21.10PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.11PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.13PCh. 21.7 - Identify the participants in the citric acid cycle...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 21.15PCh. 21.7 - Prob. 21.16KCPCh. 21.8 - Within the mitochondrion, is the pH higher in the...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 21.18PCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.19KCPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.11CIAPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.12CIAPCh. 21.8 - Prob. 21.13CIAPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.20UKCCh. 21 - Each of these reactions is involved in one of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.22UKCCh. 21 - Prob. 21.23UKCCh. 21 - The reaction that follows is catalyzed by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.25UKCCh. 21 - The electron-transport chain uses several...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.27APCh. 21 - What is the difference between an endergonic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.29APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.30APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.31APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.32APCh. 21 - Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes,...Ch. 21 - Label each of the following as a characteristic of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.35APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.36APCh. 21 - Describe in general terms the structural makeup of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.38APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.39APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.40APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.41APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.42APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.43APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.44APCh. 21 - What does it mean when we say that two reactions...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.46APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.47APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.48APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.49APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.50APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.51APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.52APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.53APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.54APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.55APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.56APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.57APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.58APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.59APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.60APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.61APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.62APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.63APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.64APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.65APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.66APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.67APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.68APCh. 21 - What does the term oxidative phosphorylation mean?...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.70APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.71APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.72APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.73APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.74APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.75APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.76APCh. 21 - Prob. 21.77CPCh. 21 - Fumarate produced in step 6 of the citric acid...Ch. 21 - With what class of enzymes are the coenzymes NAD+...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.80CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.81CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.82CPCh. 21 - The mitochondrion pumps H+ from the matrix into...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.84CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.85CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.86CPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.87GPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.88GPCh. 21 - Prob. 21.89GP
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- What reaction brings acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, answering with only one option is incorrect. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, please choose more than one. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4arrow_forward
- The citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options except citrate. Which carbon in citrate will contain C14? 4 1 3 2 Which carbon(s) in isocitrate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4arrow_forwardHow many acetyl CoA molecules are produced in one cycle of beta oxidation? How many cycles would it take to catabolize a stearic acid molecule (a fatty acid, [18:0]) into acetyl Co A units? a)How many acetyl CoA molecules would be produced? b) How many reduced nucleotides would be produced? c) If a molecule of glucose produces a net 32 ATP when completely catabolized, which do you think will produce more energy, one molecule of glucose or one molecule of stearic acid? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardThe citrate cycle is a metabolic engine generating [ Select: "carbon monoxide", "NAD, FAD and GDP", "carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH, and GTP"] from the fuel [ Select : "triglycerides", "acetyl-CoA"]. It is considered a cycle since all components must be maintained beginning with the addition of the two carbons from acetyl-CoA to form [ Select ] ["succinate", "citrate"] from [ Select ]["fumarate", "oxaloacetate"]. The citrate cycle depends on the presence of oxygen since [ Select ]["oxygen is directly required in the citrate cycle", "oxygen is required for NADH and FADH2 oxidation, and their accumulation in the absence of electron transport results in feedback inhibition of the citrate cycle"] .arrow_forward
- The CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that entered that round. (a) How many rounds are required before 14CO2 is released if acetyl-CoA is labeled at its methyl group? (b) If acetyl-CoA is labeled with 14C at its carbonyl carbon, how many rounds of the cycle are required before 14CO2 is released?arrow_forwardTake a look at the citric acid cycle. Look at the entry of acetyl CoA as the first step and oxaloacetate as the final. Determine each absorbed amino acid's probable point of entrance in the cycle and indicate the stoichiometric quantity of the citric acid cycle intermediate or starting material generated per oligopeptide molecule. If an amino acid has many entrance points into the cycle, you may choose any of them as long as stoichiometric connections are maintained.arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is a critical sequence of reactions for energy production, which take place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The reaction cycle requires materials from the cytosol to be converted into acetyl CoA, which represents the starting point of a new cycle. Which of the following statements about acetyl CoA is true? (a) Acetyl CoA is recycled at the end of every cycle. (b) Oxaloacetate is attached to acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cycle. (c) Triacylglycerol molecules are transported into the mitochondrial matrix and cleaved by lipases to produce acetyl CoA. (d) Oxaloacetate is converted directly into acetyl CoA to feed the citric acid cyclearrow_forward
- What is the citric acid cycle? Provide a schematic diagram of the citric acid cycle with chemical structures of each compound in the cycle. Indicate the cofactors and products at each step as well as the name of each of the enzymes involved.arrow_forwardWhich reaction in the citric acid cycle is most analogous to the oxidative decarboxylation of 6- phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate? What kind of enzymebound intermediate is formed in both reactions?arrow_forwardAfter several days of starvation, the ability of the liver to metabolize acetyl-CoA via the citric acid cycle is severely compromised. Explain why. Your explanation should NOT exceed 20 words. The 21st word onwards will not be read and considered.arrow_forward
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