Interpretation:
The type of the reaction, name and the class of enzyme involved in each step of citric acid cycle should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2
Enzyme: The proteins that helps
The enzymes are classified as follows,
- Oxidoreductases
- Transferases
- Hydrolases
- Isomerases
- Lyases
- Ligases
Oxidoreductases are one of the main classifications of enzymes and it catalyzes the
Ligases are one of the main classifications of enzymes and it catalyzes the bonding of two substrate molecules and it can be divided into two subclasses which are Synthetases, and Carboxylases.
Isomerases are one of the main classifications of enzymes and it catalyzes the reaction in which the rearrangement of atoms in a substrate occurs.
Lyases are one of the main classifications of enzymes and it catalyze the addition or elimination of a functional group without hydrolysis from a substrate and it can be divided into subclasses which are Decarboxylases, Deaminases, Dehydratases and Hydratases.
Condensation Reaction: It involves combination of two small molecules to form larger molecule with elimination of small molecule.
Rearrangement Reaction: It involves change in the carbon chain of the molecule that results to give structural isomer.
Oxidative Decarboxylation: It involves removal of carboxylate group that results in release of carbon dioxide.
Phosphorylation: It involves transfer of phosphate group from inorganic/organic phosphate to another chemical compound.
Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.
Hydration: The combination of substance with water is termed as hydration.
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Identify the enzyme that controls the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.arrow_forwardIdentify the participants in the citric acid cycle that contain alcohol groups. Identify these groups as primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols.arrow_forwardList the main features of the citric acid cyclearrow_forward
- Write out each of the eight chemical reactions of the citric acid cycle. Draw the structures of the reactants and the products and name the enzymes of each reaction.arrow_forwardIn the citric acid cycle, the starting molecule is and the output molecule isarrow_forwardWhat is the significance of substrate-level phosphorylation reactions? Which of the reactions in the citric acid cycle involve a substrate-level phosphorylation? Name another example from a biochemical pathway with which you are familiar.arrow_forward
- Does any step of the citric acid cycle directly produce ATP? Explain.arrow_forwardmatch the cofactor with its function in the citric acid cycle by entering the number corresponding with the function. A given function may be used more than one time or not at all. Use from the following list of functions to fill in the table below: carries O2 carries small carbon-containing molecules carries e- carries small nitrogen-containing molecules Cofactor Function NAD+/NADH FAD/FADH2 CoA thiamine biotinarrow_forwardThioesters play important roles in glycolysis and tca cycle. List which reactions involve thioesters.arrow_forward
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