
Concept explainers
Interpretation: The unusual bonding of carbon atoms is to be explained.
Concept Introduction: The are two main properties behind the bonding of carbon atoms, catenation and tetravalency.

Answer to Problem 1RQ
The bonding of carbon atoms is unusual compared to other elements due to the properties of catenation and tetravalency. A carbon atom has a high catenation tendency which allows it to form single bonds between many carbon atoms. Carbon has a valency of four which allows a single carbon atom to link with a maximum of 4 carbon atoms which leads to a large network of carbon atoms and compounds.
Explanation of Solution
The reason behind the high catenation property of carbon is its electronic configuration with 4 electrons in valence shell (tetravalency) that needs four more electrons to complete the octet and high bond energy of C-C linkage which allows stable bond formation in long-chain compounds. In other atoms, these properties are not shown to such a large extent and they cannot form very long same atom chains.
Chapter 20 Solutions
World of Chemistry
- PQ-10. What is the major product of this reaction? (A) (C) 930 Me HO O=S=O O-8-CF, C 어 Me H+ OH 270 O 0-5-0 O=S=O O-S-CF CF3 2arrow_forwardPredict the major organic product(s) of the following reactions. Include stereochemistry when necessary. Write NR if no reaction, try to explain.arrow_forwardQ2: Explain why epoxides that react in an SN1 manner will not show any stereochemical inversion in the product. Q3: Rationalize why Alcohol B will react under the indicated reaction conditions, but Alcohol A will not. A ☑ OH B OH PBr3 R-Brarrow_forward
- Q1: Predict the major organic product(s) of the following reactions. Include stereochemistry when necessary. Write NR if no reaction, try to explain. 1.) LDA, THF 2.) СОН CI OH H2SO4, heat OH m...... OH 1.) PCC, CH2Cl2 2.) CH3CH2MgBr, THF 3.) H3O+ 4.) TsCl, pyr 5.) tBuOK, tBuOH 1.) SOCI 2, CHCI 3 2.) CH3CH2ONA, DMF OH 1.) HBr 2.) Mg, THF 3.) H₂CO, THE 4.) H3O+ OH NaH, THFarrow_forwardWhat is the stepwise mechanism for this reaction?arrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reactionarrow_forward
- Please provide the IUPAC name for the compound shown herearrow_forwardProblem 6-29 Identify the functional groups in the following molecules, and show the polarity of each: (a) CH3CH2C=N CH, CH, COCH (c) CH3CCH2COCH3 NH2 (e) OCH3 (b) (d) O Problem 6-30 Identify the following reactions as additions, eliminations, substitutions, or rearrangements: (a) CH3CH2Br + NaCN CH3CH2CN ( + NaBr) Acid -OH (+ H2O) catalyst (b) + (c) Heat NO2 Light + 02N-NO2 (+ HNO2) (d)arrow_forwardPredict the organic product of Y that is formed in the reaction below, and draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic product. Please include all steps & drawings & explanations.arrow_forward
- Please choose the best reagents to complete the following reactionarrow_forwardProblem 6-17 Look at the following energy diagram: Energy Reaction progress (a) Is AG for the reaction positive or negative? Label it on the diagram. (b) How many steps are involved in the reaction? (c) How many transition states are there? Label them on the diagram. Problem 6-19 What is the difference between a transition state and an intermediate? Problem 6-21 Draw an energy diagram for a two-step reaction with Keq > 1. Label the overall AG°, transition states, and intermediate. Is AG° positive or negative? Problem 6-23 Draw an energy diagram for a reaction with Keq = 1. What is the value of AG° in this reaction?arrow_forwardProblem 6-37 Draw the different monochlorinated constitutional isomers you would obtain by the radical chlorination of the following compounds. (b) (c) Problem 6-39 Show the structure of the carbocation that would result when each of the following alkenes reacts with an acid, H+. (a) (b) (c)arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





