Fundamentals of Physics Extended
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230725
Author: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 63P
A three-step cycle is undergone reversibly by 4.00 mol of an ideal gas: (1) an adiabatic expansion that gives the gas 2.00 times its initial volume, (2) a constant-volume process, (3) an isothermal compression back to the initial state of the gas. We do not know whether the gas is monatomic or diatomic; if it is diatomic, we do not know whether the molecules are rotating or oscillating. What are the entropy changes for (a) the cycle, (b) process 1, (c) process 3, and (d) process 2?
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A three-step cycle is undergone reversibly by 4.00 mol of an ideal gas: (1) an adiabatic expansion that gives the gas 2.00 times its initial volume, (2) a constant-volume process, (3) an isothermal compression back to the initial state of the gas.We do not know whether the gas is monatomic or diatomic; if it is diatomic, we do not know whether the molecules are rotating or oscillating.What are the entropy changes for (a) the cycle, (b) process 1, (c) process 3, and (d) process 2?
Two containers each hold 1 mole of an ideal gas at 1 atm. Container A holds a monatomic gas and container B holds a diatomic gas. The volume of each container is halved while the pressure is held constant. (Assume the initial volumes of containers A and B are equal.)
(c)
What is the ratio
QA
QB
of the energy transferred to gases A and B?
In the figure, 1.41 mole of an ideal diatomic gas can go from a to c along either the direct (diagonal) path ac or the indirect path abc. The
scale of the vertical axis is set by Pab= 5.83 kPa and pc = 2.22 kPa, and the scale of the horizontal axis is set by Vbc = 5.87 m³ and V₁ =
2.77 m³. (The molecules rotate but do not oscillate.) During the transition along path ac, (a) what is the change in internal energy of the
gas, and (b) how much energy is added to the gas as heat? (c) How much heat is required if the gas goes from a to c along the indirect
path abc?
Pressure (kPa)
Pab
Pe
(a) Number
a
Va
Volume (m³)
(c) Number
i
(b) Number i
i
b
Vbc
Units
Units
Units
Chapter 20 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics Extended
Ch. 20 - Point i in Fig. 20-19 represents the initial state...Ch. 20 - In lour experiments, blocks A and B, starting ill...Ch. 20 - A gas, confined to an insulated cylinder, is...Ch. 20 - An ideal monatomic gas at initial temperature T0...Ch. 20 - In four experiments, 2.5 mol of hydrogen gas...Ch. 20 - A box contains 100 atoms in a configuration that...Ch. 20 - Does the entropy per cycle increase, decrease, or...Ch. 20 - Three Carnot engines operate between temperature...Ch. 20 - An inventor claims to have invented four engines,...Ch. 20 - Does the entropy per cycle increase, decrease, or...
Ch. 20 - SSM Suppose 4.00 mol of an ideal gas undergoes a...Ch. 20 - An ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal...Ch. 20 - ILW A 2.50 mol sample of an ideal gas expands...Ch. 20 - How much energy must be transferred as heat for a...Ch. 20 - ILW Find a the energy absorbed as heat and b the...Ch. 20 - a What is the entropy change of a 12.0 g ice cube...Ch. 20 - ILW A 50.0 g block of copper whose temperature is...Ch. 20 - At very low temperatures, the molar specific heat...Ch. 20 - A 10 g ice cube at 10oC is placed in a lake whose...Ch. 20 - A 364 g block is put in contact with a thermal...Ch. 20 - SSM WWW In an experiment, 200 g of aluminum with a...Ch. 20 - A gas sample undergoes a reversible isothermal...Ch. 20 - In the irreversible process of Fig. 20-5, let the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 14PCh. 20 - A mixture of 1773 g of water and 227 g of ice is...Ch. 20 - GO An 8.0 g ice cube at -10C is put into a Thermos...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17PCh. 20 - GO A 2.0 mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas...Ch. 20 - Suppose 1.00 mol of a monatomic ideal gas is taken...Ch. 20 - Expand 1.00 mol of an monatomic gas initially at...Ch. 20 - GO Energy can be removed from water as heat at and...Ch. 20 - GO An insulated Thermos contains 130 g of water at...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine whose low-temperature reservoir is...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine absorbs 52 kJ as heat and exhausts...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 22.0. It...Ch. 20 - In a hypothetical nuclear fusion reactor, the fuel...Ch. 20 - SSM WWW A Carnot engine operates between 235C and...Ch. 20 - In the first stage of a two-stage Carnot engine,...Ch. 20 - GO Figure 20-27 shows a reversible cycle through...Ch. 20 - A 500 W Carnot engine operates between...Ch. 20 - The efficiency of a particular car engine is 25...Ch. 20 - GO A Carnot engine is set up to produce a certain...Ch. 20 - SSM ILW Figure 20-29 shows a reversible cycle...Ch. 20 - GO An ideal gas 1.0 mol is the working substance...Ch. 20 - The cycle in Fig. 20-31 represents the operation...Ch. 20 - How much work must be done by a Carnot...Ch. 20 - SSM A heat pump is used to heal a building, The...Ch. 20 - The electric motor of a heat pump transfers energy...Ch. 20 - SSM A Carnot air conditioner lakes energy from the...Ch. 20 - To make ice, a freezer that is a reverse Carnot...Ch. 20 - ILW An air conditioner operating between 93F and...Ch. 20 - The motor in a refrigerator has a power of 200 W....Ch. 20 - GO Figure 20-32 represents a Carnot engine that...Ch. 20 - a During each cycle, a Carnot engine absorbs 750 J...Ch. 20 - Prob. 45PCh. 20 - A box contains N identical gas molecules equally...Ch. 20 - SSM WWW A box contains N gas molecules, Consider...Ch. 20 - Four particles are in the insulated box of Fig....Ch. 20 - A cylindrical copper rod of length 1.50 m and...Ch. 20 - Suppose 0.550 mol of an ideal gas is isothermally...Ch. 20 - Prob. 51PCh. 20 - Suppose 1.0 mol of a monatomic ideal gas initially...Ch. 20 - GO Suppose that a deep shaft were drilled in...Ch. 20 - What is the entropy change for 3.20 mol of an...Ch. 20 - A 600 g lump of copper at 80.0C is placed in 70.0...Ch. 20 - Figure 20-33 gives the force magnitude F versus...Ch. 20 - The temperature of 1.00 mol of a monatomic ideal...Ch. 20 - Repeat Problem 57, with the pressure now kept...Ch. 20 - SSM A 0.600 kg sample of water is initially ice at...Ch. 20 - A three-step cycle is undergone by 3.4 mol of an...Ch. 20 - An inventor has built an engine X and claims that...Ch. 20 - Suppose 2.00 mol of a diatomic gas is taken...Ch. 20 - A three-step cycle is undergone reversibly by 4.00...Ch. 20 - a A Carnot engine operates between a hot reservoir...Ch. 20 - A 2.00 mol diatomic gas initially at 300 K...Ch. 20 - An ideal refrigerator does 150 J of work to remove...Ch. 20 - Suppose that 260 J is conducted from a...Ch. 20 - An apparatus that liquefies helium is in a room...Ch. 20 - GO A brass rod is in thermal contact with a...Ch. 20 - A 45.0 g block of tungsten at 30.0C and a 25.0 g...Ch. 20 - Prob. 71PCh. 20 - Calculate the efficiency of a fossil-fuel power...Ch. 20 - SSM A Carnot refrigerator extracts 35.0 kJ as heat...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine whose high-temperature reservoir...Ch. 20 - SSM System A of three particles and system B of...Ch. 20 - Figure 20-36 shows a Carnot cycle on a T-S...Ch. 20 - Find the relation between the efficiency of a...Ch. 20 - A Carnot engine has a power of 500 W. It operates...Ch. 20 - In a real refrigerator, the low-temperature coils...
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