Fundamentals of Physics Extended
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230725
Author: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 25P
A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 22.0%. It operates between constant-temperature reservoirs differing in temperature by 75.0 C°. What is the temperature of the (a) lower-temperature and (b) higher-temperature reservoir?
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A Carnot engine has a power output of
205 kW. The engine operates between two
reservoirs at 8°C and 460°C.
How much thermal energy is absorbed each
hour?
Answer in units of J.
To improve the efficiency of a Carnot engine, you can increase the difference in temperature between its cold and hot reservoir. You have a Carnot engine that usually operates between 750.2 K (hot) and 415.7 K (cold). You can apply a change of temperature of 69.4 K to either the hot (750.2+69.4, case 1) or the cold (415.7-69.4, case 2). Calculate the ratio in efficiencies: e(case1) / e(case2).
Steam locomotives have an efficiency of 14.0% and operate with a hot steam temperature of 375°C.
(a) What would the cold reservoir temperature (in °C) be if this were a Carnot engine?
322.5
X °C
(b) What would the maximum efficiency of this steam engine be if its cold reservoir temperature were 150°C?
60
X %
Chapter 20 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics Extended
Ch. 20 - Point i in Fig. 20-19 represents the initial state...Ch. 20 - In lour experiments, blocks A and B, starting ill...Ch. 20 - A gas, confined to an insulated cylinder, is...Ch. 20 - An ideal monatomic gas at initial temperature T0...Ch. 20 - In four experiments, 2.5 mol of hydrogen gas...Ch. 20 - A box contains 100 atoms in a configuration that...Ch. 20 - Does the entropy per cycle increase, decrease, or...Ch. 20 - Three Carnot engines operate between temperature...Ch. 20 - An inventor claims to have invented four engines,...Ch. 20 - Does the entropy per cycle increase, decrease, or...
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- At point A in a Carnot cycle, 2.34 mol of a monatomic ideal gas has a pressure of 1 4000 kPa, a volume of 10.0 L, and a temperature of 720 K. The gas expands isothermally to point B and then expands adiabatically to point C, where its volume is 24.0 L. An isothermal compression brings it to point D, where its volume is 15.0 L. An adiabatic process returns the gas to point A. (a) Determine all the unknown pressures, volumes, and temperatures as you f ill in the following table: (b) Find the energy added by heat, the work done by the engine, and the change in internal energy for each of the steps A B, B C, C D, and D A (c) Calculate the efficiency Wnet/|Qk|. (d) Show that the efficiency is equal to 1 - TC/TA, the Carnot efficiency.arrow_forwardA car salesperson claims that a 300-hp engine is a necessary option in a compact car, in place of the conventional 130-hp engine. Suppose you intend to drive the car within speed limits ( 65 mi/h) on flat terrain. How would you counter this sales pitch?arrow_forwardUse a PV diagram such as the one in Figure 22.2 (page 653) to figure out how you could modify an engine to increase the work done.arrow_forward
- A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency drops to 0.55. If initially Tc=27, determine (a) the constant value of Th and (b) the final value of Tc.arrow_forwardA 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle shown in Figure P18.63. The process AB is a reversible isothermal expansion. Calculate (a) the net work done by the gas, (b) the energy added to the gas by heat, (c) the energy exhausted from the gas by heat, and (d) the efficiency of the cycle. (e) Explain how the efficiency compares with that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperature extremes. Figure P18.63arrow_forwardA Carnot engine operates between temperatures of 450 K and 340 K. What is the efficiency of the engine ?arrow_forward
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- Steam locomotives have an efficiency of 15.0% and operate with a hot steam temperature of 425°C. (a) What would the cold reservoir temperature (in °C) be if this were a Carnot engine? °C (b) What would the maximum efficiency of this steam engine be if its cold reservoir temperature were 150°C? %arrow_forwardYou decide to use your body as a Carnot heat engine. The operating gas is in a tube with one end in your mouth (where the temperature is 37.0 C) and the other end at the surface of your skin, at 30.0 C. (a) What is the maximum efficiency of such a heat engine? Would it be a very useful engine? (b) Suppose you want to use this human engine to lift a 2.50 kg box from the floor to a tabletop 1.20 m above the floor. How much must you increase the gravitational potential energy, and how much heat input is needed to accomplish this? (c) If your favorite candy bar has 350 food calories (1 food calorie = 4186 J) and 80% of the food energy goes into heat, how many of these candy bars must you eat to lift the box in this way?arrow_forwardA heat engine is being designed to have a Carnot efficiency of 60% when operating between two heat reservoirs. (a) If the temperature of the cold reservoir is 20°C, what must be the temperature of the hot reservoir? °C (b) Can the actual efficiency of the engine be equal to 60%? O Yes O No Explain your answer.arrow_forward
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