Chapter 20, Problem 30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of products of each of the given reactions is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron, which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Aniline is a primary aromatic amine with the chemical formula C₆H₅NH₂. It consists of a phenyl group attached to an amino group. The structure of aniline is shown as follows:

Aniline and substituted aniline reacts with nitrous acid at low temperature to form benzene diazonium salts.

The reduction of nitro group results in the formation of primary amine.

When an ethyl amine reacts with benzoyl chloride, it results in the formation of N-ethylbenzamide as the major product.

When methyl amine reacts with acetic anhydride, it results in the formation of N-methylethanamide as the major product.

Bromination reaction of para- Toluidine leads to the formation of 2,6-dibromo-4-methyl Toluidine.