Chapter 2, Problem 2.96P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: $\text{X}$ notation for each isotope is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:Mass number $\left(\text{A}\right)$ of any isotope of an element is the total number of neutrons $\left(\text{N}\right)$ and the total number of protons $\left(\text{Z}\right)$ . The group number is the number of vertical columns in a periodic table. There are 18 groups in a periodic table.

The period number is the number of horizontal rows in a periodic table. There are 7 periods in a periodic table.

The charge on the atom is the difference between the protons and electrons.If there are excess electrons on the atom then the ion will be negatively charged. If there are excess protons on the atom then the ion will be positively charged.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Natural abundance of each isotope is to be determined.

Concept introduction: When two or more than two forms of the same element which contain equal numbers of protons but differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei and therefore they possess similar chemical properties, but different relative atomic mass but then those species are known as isotopes. Mass numbers of isotopes differ from each other but atomic numbers are the same. For example, isotopes of carbon are $\text{C}$ , $\text{C}$ and $\text{C}$ .