Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The most important Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structures represent covalent bonds and describe valence electrons configuration of atoms. The covalent bonds are depicted by lines, and unshared electron pairs by pairs of dots. The sequence to write Lewis structure of some molecule is given as follows:
- The central atom is identified and various other atoms are arranged around it. This central atom so chosen is often the least electronegative.
- Total valence electrons is estimated.
- single bond is first placed between each atom pair.
- The electrons left can be allocated as unshared electron pairs or as multiple bonds around the right
symbol of the element to satisfy the octet (or duplet) for each atom. - Add charge on the overall structure in case of polyatomic cation or anion.
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation written as follows:
Here,
(a)

Explanation of Solution
Lewis structure possible for
Since the double and triple bonds can conjugate therefore delocalization occurs that results in various equivalent resonance structures as indicated below:
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure is calculated from the equation as follows:
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 4 for
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 4 for
Substitute 6 for
Substitute 6 for
Substitute 6 for
Substitute 1 for
Therefore the non-zero formal charges can be assigned as follows:
(b)
Interpretation:
The most important Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)

Explanation of Solution
Lewis structure possible for
Since the double and triple bonds can conjugate therefore delocalization occurs that results in various equivalent resonance structures as indicated below:
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure is calculated from the equation as follows:
Substitute 6 for
Substitute 6 for
Substitute 6 for
Substitute 6 for
Substitute 1 for
Therefore the formal charges can be assigned as follows:
(c)
Interpretation:
The most important Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)

Explanation of Solution
Lewis structure for
Since the double and triple bonds can conjugate therefore delocalization occurs that results in two equivalent resonance structures as indicated below:
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure is calculated from the equation as follows:
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 4 for
Substitute 1 for
Therefore the formal charges in
(d)
Interpretation:
The most important Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)

Explanation of Solution
Lewis structure for
Since the double and triple bonds can conjugate therefore delocalization occurs that results in two equivalent resonance structures as indicated below:
The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure is calculated from the equation as follows:
Substitute 5 for
Substitute 5 for
Therefore the non-zero formal charges in
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Chapter 2 Solutions
ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 2TERM
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