Chapter 19.1, Problem 3RQ

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The nuclear equation $\text{A}\text{l}\to ?+\text{S}\text{i}$ needs to be completed with the correct particle.

Concept Introduction:The particles released in a nuclear reaction depends on the type of nuclear decay of the atom.

Answer to Problem 3RQ

The missing particle is e^-.

Explanation of Solution

Since the transmutation is adding one to the atomic number, the type of reaction is negative beta decay which releases an electron and neutron changes into proton resulting in an increase of atomic number along with the newly formed element.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The nuclear equation $\text{C}\text{r}\to e^{-}+?$ needs to be completed with the correct particle.

Concept Introduction:The particles released in a nuclear reaction depends on the type of nuclear decay of the atom.

Answer to Problem 3RQ

The missing particle is ${}_{25}^{56}\text{Mn}$ .

Explanation of Solution

Since the transmutation is releasing one electron, the type of reaction is negative beta decay in which the newly formed element has an atomic number increased by one, so the newly formed element will be manganese.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The nuclear equation $\text{Z}\text{n}\to e^{-}+?$ needs to be completed with the correct particle.

Concept Introduction:The particles released in a nuclear reaction depends on the type of nuclear decay of the atom.

Answer to Problem 3RQ

The missing particle is ${}_{31}^{72}\text{Ga}$ .

Explanation of Solution

Since the transmutation is releasing one electron, the type of reaction is negative beta decay in which the newly formed element has an atomic number increased by one, so the newly formed element will be gallium.